"Smart Grid" Concept As A Modern Technology For The Power Industry Development

The article discusses the main problems of the power industry and energy supply to the distribution networks. One of the suggested solutions for these problems is the use of intelligent energy networks on the basis of digital reality simulation, in particular, the concept of "SMART GRID". The article presents the basic points of the concept and the peculiarities of its application at the enterprises. It was demonstrated that the use of this technology eliminates power shortage, reduces the energy intensity and improves the energy efficiency throughout the operation of an enterprise as a whole

Activation of mass transfer processes at spark plasma sintering of zirconium dioxide

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of thermal and electric fields' distribution in the graphite moulding tool and in the sintered sample of ZrO[2]-4%Y[2]O[3] in the course of spark plasma sintering (SPS). The reduction of SPS duration is accounted for the largeness of specific thermal flux towards the sample surface, emitted by the graphite moulding tool. The impact of the electric field on the sample structure leads to emergence of the polarizing processes forcing zirconium ions to shift from lattice sites, which is able to reduce the required value of thermal energy necessary for initiation of a diffusion process. The axial pressure at high temperatures of sintering can lead to plastic deformation of the powder particles

Intelligent Energy Systems As a Modern Basis For Improving Energy Efficiency

This work presents data on the share of energy costs in the cost structure for different countries. The information is provided on reducing the use of energy resources by means of introducing the intelligent control systems in the industrial enterprises. The structure and the use of such intelligent systems in the energy industry are under our consideration. It is shown that the constructing an intelligent system should be the strategic direction for the development of the distribution grid complex implying the four main areas for improvement: intellectualization of the equipment, management, communication and automation

Structural features of Ni-Cr-Si-B materials obtained by different technologies

This study considers the structural features of Ni-Cr-Si-B (Ni - base; 15.1 % Cr; 2 % Si; 2 % B; 0.4 % C) materials obtained by different methods. The self-fluxing coatings were deposited by plasma spraying on the tubes from low carbon steel. Bulk cylinder specimens of 20 mm diameter and 15 mm height were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The structure and phase composition of these materials were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The major phases of coatings and sintered materials are [gamma]-Ni, Ni[3]B, CrB and Cr[7]C[3]. We demonstrate that the particle unmelted in the process of plasma spraying or SPS consist of [gamma]-Ni-NEB eutectic and also CrB and Cr[7]C[3] inclusions. The prolonged exposure of powder to high temperatures as well as slow cooling rates by SPS provide for the growth of the structural components as compared to those of plasma coatings materials. High cooling rates at the plasma spraying by melted particles contribute to the formation of supersaturated solid solution of Cr, Si and Fe in [gamma]-Ni. The structure of the melted particles in sintering material has gradient composition: the core constituted of Ni grains of 10 μm with [gamma]-Ni-Ni[3]B eutectic on the edges. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the sintering material has a smaller microhardness in comparison with plasma coatings (650 and 850 MPa, respectively), but at the same time the material has higher density (porosity less than 1 %) than plasma coatings (porosity about 2.. .3 %)

Fabrication of the Ni[3]Al-based alloy formed by spark plasma sintering of VKNA powders

The material based on Ni[3]Al intermetallic has been obtained from the industrial powder of a VKNA type by the method of spark plasma sintering. Materials sintering was conducted at the temperature of 1100 °С, compacting pressure of 20 MPa, and during soaking time equal to 5 minutes. The heating rate of samples amounted to 50 and 200 °С/min. It has been established that the material obtained by sintering at the rate of 50 °С/min possesses a maximum value of density (5.93 g/cm{3}) and a maximum level of bending strength (~ 400 MPa)

Possibility of obtaining TiO2 material by plasma dynamic method into an air atmosphere

This paper shows the possibility to synthesize directly the titanium dioxide in a supersonic jet of an electric discharge erosive plasma. Using the X-ray diffractometry it is shown that the obtained product contains two main crystalline phases: anatase and rutile with tetragonal syngony. The size of the coherent scattering region is less 100 nm

The formation of powder materials based on nickel aluminide using technology of spark plasma sintering VKNA and PN85YU15 powders

Structure and mechanical properties of materials based on Ni3Al intermetallic sintered using two types of powders «VKNA» and «PN85Yu15» were investigated. Sintering of materials was performed using spark plasma sintering technology under equal conditions for both materials. The bending strength of material sintered using «PN85Yu15» powder was 890 MPa, material sintered using «VKNA» powder showed the strength level about 330 MPa. Low values of «VKNA» alloy strength level can be explained by high porosity (20 %) of the material due to the presence of refractory elements in the initial powder.Проведено сравнительное исследование структуры и механических свойств материалов на основе интерметаллида Ni3Al двух типов – ВКНА и ПН85Ю15, полученных с использованием технологии искрового плазменного спекания порошков при одинаковых условиях. Предел прочности при изгибе спечённого порошка ПН85Ю15 составляет 890 МПа, спечённого порошка ВКНА – 330 МПа. Низкие значения прочности сплава ВКНА, спечённого при данных режимах, объясняются повышенной пористостью (20 %) материала из-за наличия тугоплавких элементов в составе исходного порошка.Работа была выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского Фонда Фундаментальных Исследований (проект 15-33-50845)

OBTAINING BULK PRODUCTS FROM CU-SIC METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT HEAT-CONDUCTING SYSTEMS

Link for citation: Nikitin D.S., Shanenkov I.I., Nassyrbayev A., Vympina Yu. N., Orlova E.G., Ivashutenko A.S., Sivkov A.A.  Obtaining bulk products from Cu-SiC metal-matrix composite for energy-efficient heat-conducting systems. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 93-101. In Rus. The relevance of the research is associated with the rapid development of modern high-performance computing systems, superneurocomputers and artificial intelligence devices. Today such development is held back largely due to the lack of an effective cooling system for high-power elements of their structures. Composite materials Cu-SiC with improved physical, mechanical and thermophysical characteristics can be used to solve problems of heat removal intensification. The main aim of the research is to obtain bulk products from metal-matrix composite Cu-10% SiC with improved physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics by spark plasma sintering. Objects of the research are bulk products from metal-matrix composite Cu-10%SiC. The samples were obtained by spark plasma sintering at temperatures of 700, 750, 800, 850 °C and a pressure of 60 MPa. Methods: spark plasma sintering, X-ray diffractometry (X-ray phase analysis), scanning electron microscopy, indentation, laser flash method. Results. Experimental studies have been carried out to obtain bulk metal-matrix composites with a copper matrix and the addition of reinforcing superhard particles of silicon carbide Cu-10%SiC. The compaction of dispersed composite materials was carried out by spark plasma sintering at various temperatures of 700, 750, 800, and 850 °C. The microstructure and composition of initial dispersed materials and final bulk products have been studied. It is shown that the spark plasma sintering method has advantages for obtaining relatively dense materials with high physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Analysis of the obtained samples showed the formation of a dense (up to ~88 %) homogeneous fine-grained composite structure. The greatest densification of the material is achieved at the highest sintering temperature of 850 °C, which causes this sample to demonstrate the maximum hardness (H=3,63 GPa) and Young's modulus (E=159,63 GPa), as well as the thermal conductivity at room temperature (λ=223 W/m K). The obtained composite materials can be used as structural and functional materials for energy-efficient heat-conducting systems