Investigation Of The Microbial-Induced Corrosion Potential Of Soils In Southern Ijaw Lga In Niger Delta, Nigeria

Investigation of sulphate-reducing bacteria induced corrosion potential of soils along 18-inch 45km Tebidaba/Brass underground oil pipeline in Southern Ijaw LGA of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, is carried out experimentally. The analysis involves determination of some physico-chemical parameters of soils in the pipeline route, and testing corrosion products formed on the surfaces of X60 steel coupon buried in the soils for one year. It is shown that the soils are clayey in nature and highly corrosive with high population of sulphate-reducing bacteria (104 – 106 cfu/g). The ranges of other measured properties of the soils (pH (4.8 – 5.2), temperature (17 – 21oC), water content (79 – 89 %), organic matter (10.7 – 15.6 % dry wt), redox potential (–79 to –95mV), sulphate (0.8 – 13.6mg/l)) favour growth of sulphate-reducing bacteria. Black deposits on the surfaces of the buried coupons are iron sulphide resulting from attack on the metal by sulphate-reducing bacteria in the soils. Keywords: sulphate-reducing bacteria; soil; corrosion; pipeline; crude oilGlobal Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol. 14 (3) 2008: pp. 325-33

Studies in the suitability of NPK-15-15-15 fertilizer, animal dung, and petroleum agar as Nutrient Supplements for growth of microorganisms

The suitability of three nutrient supplements (NPK-15-15-15 fertilizer, petroleum agar, and animal (cattle) dung) in promoting growth of microorganisms in produced water and crude-oil-contaminated soil are investigated experimentally. The analysis involves monitoring the total microbial count (TMC) in produced water and crude-oil-contaminated soil samples treated with the different nutrient supplements. After a test period of 10 weeks, the TMC in produced water treated with NPK, petroleum agar, and cattle dung was 105 cfu/ml, 103 cfu/ml, and 102 cfu/ml respectively; while the TMC in soil treated with NPK, petroleum agar, and cattle dung was 104 cfu/g, 10 cfu/g, and 102 cfu/g respectively. NPK-15-15-15 fertilizer exhibits the best characteristics as nutrient supplement for the microorganisms in both the produced water and crude-oil-contaminated soil; followed by petroleum agar and then cattle dung for produced water, but followed by cattle dung and then petroleum agar for crude-oil-contaminated soil. Keywords: NPK fertilizer; Petroleum agar; Cattle dung; Microbes; Nutrient.Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol. 14 (3) 2008: pp. 285-28

Some physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soil and water samples of part of the Niger Delta area, Nigeria

Environmental conditions that influence biocorrosion in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria are investigated experimentally by analysing the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of four (4) soil samplesand water samples taken from ten (10) selected river bodies in the region. Measured properties of the water samples and the corresponding results are pH (4.5 to 6.5), temperature (26.9 to 28.7 0C), electrical conductivity (18.9 to 156.4us/cm), turbidity (19 to 48NTU), redox potential (-372 to +202mV), TDS (78 to 8450mg/l), TOC (17.3 to 38.7mg/l), nitrate ions (6.1 to 17.0mg/l), sulphate ions (0.8 to 13.6mg/l), DO (4.1 to 5.7mg/l), and microbial population (105 to 106 cfu/ml), while those of the soil samples are water content (37 to 51%), organic matter (9.4 to 18.9% dry weight), nitrate ions (0.71 to 1.82 mg/l), sulphate ions (2.1 to 5.8 mg/l) and microbial population (104 to 106 cfu/g). It shown through comparison of experimental results with literature that the levels of the measured properties for both water and soil correspond to an environment that promotes biocorrosio

Underside Corrosion of above Ground Storage Tanks (ASTs)

Underside corrosion of a failed above ground storage tank (AST) was investigated by the physio-chemical analysis of water sample that was ingress between the tank bottom plate and the concrete foundation. The results of the water sample analysis showed pH (5.8), temperature (30\ub0C), Conductivity (4800 \u3bcs/cm), dissolved oxygen (3.5 mg/l), chloride (674 mg/l), carbonate (16.90mg/l) and nitrate (23.10 mg/l). The levels of the parameters studied were generally high and above statutory safe limits. The results showed that the physico-chemical characteristics of the water sample have diagnostic and predictive values to implicate and promote underside corrosion of the studied above ground storage tank. @JASEM

An assessment of the economic viability and competitiveness of modular refinery in Nigeria

Will the establishment of modular refinery in Nigeria be economically viable to withstand global economc competitiveness by 2020? What are the likely prospects regarding the revamping of the present refineries in Nigeria to produce at an established capacity of 445,000 bpsd, and the coming on stream of the Dangote 650,000 bpsd refinery by 2020?. This paper provides analyses of the current state of the refining sector in Nigeria and the refining revolution that will take place within the next 3-5 years using data obtained from secondary sources. With a maintenance period of 31 days in a year and a PMS yield at 31.781% per barrel volume, the study revealed that with the four refineries in Nigeria working at full capacity for 334 days in a year, it can only produce 7.5 x 109 litres of PMS per annum. In the same vein the Dangote refinery, will yield about 11 x 109 litres of PMS . The import and supply analyses reveal an increase of 700,000,000 liter of PMS per year and 22.4 x 109 litres as the projected demand of PMS by 2020. The research further profiles financial analyses of a typical 10,000 bpsd modular refinery, with net income increasing from $39M in the first year to$49M in the fifth year, with dividends accumulating from $4M in the first year to$30M by the fifth year.Keywords: modular refinery, Dangote refinery premium motor spirit, importation, supply, demand, econom

Impact of partially treated sewage effluent on the water quality of recipient Epie Creek Niger Delta, Nigeria using Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI)

Impact of partially treated sewage effluent on the water quality of recipient Epie Creek in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria was investigated experimentally by analysing the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the surface water samples collected at four (4) sampling stations: at the effluent discharge point (fall out) (SS2), 500 m upstream (SS1), 500m downstream (SS3) and 1000m (SS4) downstream respectively from the point of discharge. Sampling was carried out weekly between June 2009 and May 2010 (48 weeks). Measured parameters of the water samples and the corresponding results are: pH (5.60 \u2013 6.80), turbidity (21.5 \u2013 34.7 NTU), electrical conductivity (34.7 \u2013 82.1 \u3bcS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (12.4 -36.7 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (17.3 \u2013 53.2 mg/l), total suspended solids (TSS) (17.70- 45.8 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (DO) (3.73 \u2013 5.20 mg/l), total dissolved solids (TDS) (57.3 \u2013 187.0 mg/l), total phosphate (0.73 \u2013 1.73 mg/l), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) (4.10 \u2013 5.0 mg/l) and total fecal coliform count (TFCC) (2,120 \u2013 20,800 cfu/ml). The water quality at each of the sampling points was also assessed using Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI) and results show that, the water quality of Epie Creek defined at the sampling stations belongs to Class IV with values that ranged between 31.0 and 51.9. Empirically, the water quality can be described as fairly polluted. This means that the water quality across the sampling points is poor indicating that most parameters have deteriorated. \ua9 JASE

Variability With Depth of Some Physico-Chemical and Biological Parameters of Atlantic Ocean Water in Part of the Coastal Area of Nigeria

Results of in-situ measurements of some physico-chemical and biological parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, density, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, and salinity) of Atlantic Ocean water at various depths are presented. It is shown that temperature and dissolved oxygen vary significantly with depth, while variations of the other parameters with depth are minimal. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, density, pH, and salinity vary in the ranges: 3.6\ub0C\u201328.32\ub0C, 1.8mg/l\u20138.4mg/l, 3 . 29 \u3bcs/cm \u2013 4 .71 \u3bcs/cm, 1017 .34 kg//m3 \u20131036 .61 kg//m3 , 7.1\u20138.4, and 34.52ppt \u201335.8ppt respectively. Turbidity is less than 1.0NTU, indicating that the water is clear and transparent

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EDUCATION

Abstract in the past few decades, Nigeria has been confronted with a number of unsustainable depletion of natural resources resulting lo; i mountain of environmental problems that has the potential of eroding earth's web of fife (air, water and soil) and can also promote poverty. Efforts by government in promoting sustainable development have not yielded the expected results. The paper concludes that the incorporation of environmental science education into our educational curriculum whereby environmental issues are incorporated into the learning process of each generation will help to achieve the objectives of sustainable development-Keyword: Environmental science education, sustainable development, environmental degradation, awareness, unsustainable practices

Underside Corrosion of above Ground Storage Tanks (ASTs)

Underside corrosion of a failed above ground storage tank (AST) was investigated by the physio-chemical analysis of water sample that was ingress between the tank bottom plate and the concrete foundation. The results of the water sample analysis showed pH (5.8), temperature (30°C), Conductivity (4800 μs/cm), dissolved oxygen (3.5 mg/l), chloride (674 mg/l), carbonate (16.90mg/l) and nitrate (23.10 mg/l). The levels of the parameters studied were generally high and above statutory safe limits. The results showed that the physico-chemical characteristics of the water sample have diagnostic and predictive values to implicate and promote underside corrosion of the studied above ground storage tank. @JASEM

Impact of partially treated sewage effluent on the water quality of recipient Epie Creek Niger Delta, Nigeria using Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI)

Impact of partially treated sewage effluent on the water quality of recipient Epie Creek in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria was investigated experimentally by analysing the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the surface water samples collected at four (4) sampling stations: at the effluent discharge point (fall out) (SS2), 500 m upstream (SS1), 500m downstream (SS3) and 1000m (SS4) downstream respectively from the point of discharge. Sampling was carried out weekly between June 2009 and May 2010 (48 weeks). Measured parameters of the water samples and the corresponding results are: pH (5.60 – 6.80), turbidity (21.5 – 34.7 NTU), electrical conductivity (34.7 – 82.1 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (12.4 -36.7 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (17.3 – 53.2 mg/l), total suspended solids (TSS) (17.70- 45.8 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (DO) (3.73 – 5.20 mg/l), total dissolved solids (TDS) (57.3 – 187.0 mg/l), total phosphate (0.73 – 1.73 mg/l), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) (4.10 – 5.0 mg/l) and total fecal coliform count (TFCC) (2,120 – 20,800 cfu/ml). The water quality at each of the sampling points was also assessed using Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI) and results show that, the water quality of Epie Creek defined at the sampling stations belongs to Class IV with values that ranged between 31.0 and 51.9. Empirically, the water quality can be described as fairly polluted. This means that the water quality across the sampling points is poor indicating that most parameters have deteriorated. © JASE