Angle resolved IBIC analysis of 4H-SiC Schottky diodes

We present a new experimental procedure based on the ion beam induced charge collection (IBIC) to characterise semiconductor detectors and devices. It consists in measuring the charge collection efficiency (q) as a function of the angle of incidence (eta) of a strongly penetrating MeV ion beam focussed onto a partially depleted semiconductor detector. The unidimensional model based on the drift-diffusion model derived from the Shockley-Ramo-Gunn's theorem gives the theoretical background to fit the eta(alpha) curve and to estimate both the extension of the depletion layer, the dead layer thickness and the minority carrier diffusion length. To illustrate the analytical capability of this technique, a 2 MeV proton beam was focussed at different incident angles onto a 4H-SiC Schottky diode; the experimental results and the theoretical approach are presented and discussed. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V

Creation of pure non-crystalline diamond nanostructures via room-temperature ion irradiation and subsequent thermal annealing

Carbon exhibits a remarkable range of structural forms, due to the availability of sp3, sp2 and sp1 chemical bonds. Contrarily to other group IV elements such as silicon and germanium, the formation of an amorphous phase based exclusively on sp3 bonds is extremely challenging due to the strongly favored formation of graphitic-like structures at room 19 temperature and pressure. As such, the formation of a fully sp3-bonded carbon phase requires 20 an extremely careful (and largely unexplored) definition of the pressure and temperature across the phase diagram. Here, we report on the possibility of creating full-sp3 amorphous nanostructures within the bulk crystal of diamond with room-temperature ion-beam irradiation, followed by an annealing process that does not involve the application of any external mechanical pressure. As confirmed by numerical simulations, the (previously unreported) radiation-damage-induced formation of an amorphous sp2-free phase in diamond is determined by the buildup of extremely high internal stresses from the surrounding lattice, which (in the case of nanometer-scale regions) fully prevent the graphitization process. Besides the relevance of understanding the formation of exotic carbon phases, the use of focused/collimated ion beams discloses appealing perspectives for the direct fabrication of such nanostructures in complex three-dimensional geometries

TREATMENT OF KERATOCONUS, DOUBTS ABOUT THE MECH- ANISM OF ACTION AND IMPEDIMENTS TO DISCUSSION

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Ion and X-ray micro-beam induced charge collection and their applications in CVD diamond detector characterisation

We have used a micrometer size X-ray beam generated from a synchrotron light source at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble and a 2 MeV proton micro-beam at the Italian National Laboratory (LNL) of Legnaro to image the electronic transport properties of a CVD diamond detector developed within the CERN RD42 collaboration. The focused X-rays or protons are scanned over the device surface, and the induced current or charge pulse is measured and plotted on two dimensional maps. Due to the polycrystalline nature of the material, the maps are not homogeneous and both the techniques show structures ascribable to diamond grains. It was found that the uniformity of the maps depends on the lateral scale (binning) and on the analytical depth of the micro-probes

Cultural modulation of face and gaze scanning in young children

Previous research has demonstrated that the way human adults look at others’ faces is modulated by their cultural background, but very little is known about how such a culture-specific pattern of face gaze develops. The current study investigated the role of cultural background on the development of face scanning in young children between the ages of 1 and 7 years, and its modulation by the eye gaze direction of the face. British and Japanese participants’ eye movements were recorded while they observed faces moving their eyes towards or away from the participants. British children fixated more on the mouth whereas Japanese children fixated more on the eyes, replicating the results with adult participants. No cultural differences were observed in the differential responses to direct and averted gaze. The results suggest that different patterns of face scanning exist between different cultures from the first years of life, but differential scanning of direct and averted gaze associated with different cultural norms develop later in life

Micro-IL and micro-PIXE studies of rich diamond meteorites at Legnaro nuclear microprobe

Abstract A combination of micro-ionoluminescence (micro-IL) and micro-PIXE was used to characterize diamond grains inside a type of meteorites known as ureilites. Ureilites are a group of achondrites unique in containing relatively large amounts of carbon occurring as diamond, graphite or lonsdaleite. A shock origin for ureilitic diamonds has been widely accepted though an exact knowledge of the conditions during high-pressure graphite conversion is not yet achieved. Micro-IL is a very powerful technique for material investigation and particularly for diamond analysis. Using this technique we were able to identify the occurrence of the diamond phase inside carbon meteoritic inclusions and to perform micro-PIXE analysis on single diamond grains. In fact, IL in low nitrogen content diamonds is dominated by A-band emission (centered at about 2.9 eV) and so, considering only IL monochromatic map at such a spectral band, it was possible to identify them. By making measurements directly on the meteorites, contamination during chemical extraction processes was avoided and it was possible to study not only the diamond phase, but also its distribution inside carbon inclusions

In-doped Sb nanowires grown by MOCVD for high speed phase change memories

We investigated the Phase Change Memory (PCM) capabilities of In-doped Sb nanowires (NWs) with diameters of (20-40) nm, which were self-assembled by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. The PCM behavior of the NWs was proved, and it was shown to have relatively low reset power consumption (~ 400 μW) and fast switching capabilities with respect to standard Ge-Sb-Te based devices. In particular, reversible set and reset switches by voltage pulses as short as 25 ns were demonstrated. The obtained results are useful for understanding the effects of downscaling in PCM devices and for the exploration of innovative PCM architectures and materials

First Direct Measurement of the ^{17}O(p,\gamma)^{18}F Reaction Cross-Section at Gamow Energies for Classical Novae

Classical novae are important contributors to the abundances of key isotopes, such as the radioactive ^{18}F, whose observation by satellite missions could provide constraints on nucleosynthesis models in novae. The ^{17}O(p,\gamma)^{18}F reaction plays a critical role in the synthesis of both oxygen and fluorine isotopes but its reaction rate is not well determined because of the lack of experimental data at energies relevant to novae explosions. In this study, the reaction cross section has been measured directly for the first time in a wide energy range Ecm = 200 - 370 keV appropriate to hydrogen burning in classical novae. In addition, the E=183 keV resonance strength, \omega \gamma=1.67\pm0.12 \mueV, has been measured with the highest precision to date. The uncertainty on the ^{17}O(p,\gamma)^{18}F reaction rate has been reduced by a factor of 4, thus leading to firmer constraints on accurate models of novae nucleosynthesis.Comment: accepted by Phys. Rev. Let