An Exploratory Review of Bangladesh Gas Sector: Latest Evidence and Areas of Further Research

This paper reviews and explores the latest evidence from the gas sector of Bangladesh and highlights areas that would benefit from further research. The study reported actual consumption of gas by different sectors; projection of demands by various studies and plan documents; estimates of gas reserves and potential by various studies; and operation of the International Oil Companies (IOCs) in Bangladesh.Gas Sector, Bangladesh

Interpreting Brand Development as Entrepreneurship – The Role of Brand Strategies

Our research has been driven by theapparent lack of rigorous theory within thebranding literature. Theoretical concepts haveseldom been linked to business theory. Thisarticle presents an approach to branding whichlinks branding to different approaches toentrepreneurship and uncovers the essential roleof brand strategies when connecting branding tothe management literature. Strategy andbranding overlap and strategy linkscontemporary branding and entrepreneurshipliterature. There are various approaches toentrepreneurship which is relevant to theanalysis of brand strategies. For the sake ofsimplicity we have divided them into twostrands, the business school approach and theSchumpeter school. Essential to ourunderstanding of brands is the ability of brandsto decrease the transaction cost and reduce theinformation asymmetries between consumersand producers in the market. By relying onbrands the actors in the market can reduce theirsearch and information cost and the total cost ofperforming a market transaction

Third Session: Freedom of Religion and Expression

This panel will explore the implications of various cases on the freedom of expression and religion. Professor Ravitch’s article goes in depth on religious freedom claims and, focusing on government employees, he will explain when accommodation for specific religious freedoms are appropriate and when they conflict with the rights of others. Professor Katz’s article discusses the connection between the Supreme Court’s decision on same-sex marriage and the religious freedoms of individuals and entities who oppose same-sex marriage and same-sex relations on religious grounds. In Asma T. Uddin’s article, she examines the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris and focuses on the distinction between provocation and incitement to imminent violence for line drawing between protected and unprotected speech. Professor SpearIt’s article explores Muslims in America and their use of hip hop culture to voice a long list of radical critiques of the criminal justice system

The bicompletion of the Hausdorff quasi-uniformity

We study conditions under which the Hausdorff quasi-uniformity ${\mathcal U}_H$ of a quasi-uniform space $(X,{\mathcal U})$ on the set ${\mathcal P}_0(X)$ of the nonempty subsets of $X$ is bicomplete. Indeed we present an explicit method to construct the bicompletion of the $T_0$-quotient of the Hausdorff quasi-uniformity of a quasi-uniform space. It is used to find a characterization of those quasi-uniform $T_0$-spaces $(X,{\mathcal U})$ for which the Hausdorff quasi-uniformity $\widetilde{{\mathcal U}}_H$ of their bicompletion $(\widetilde{X},{\widetilde{\mathcal U}})$ on ${\mathcal P}_0(\widetilde{X})$ is bicomplete

The Harms of Heien: Pulling Back the Curtain on the Court\u27s Search and Seizure Doctrin

In Heien v. North Carolina, the Supreme Court held that individuals can be seized on the basis of reasonable police mistakes of law. In an opinion authored by Chief Justice Roberts, the eight-Justice majority held that the Fourth Amendment\u27s prohibition of unreasonable seizures does not bar legally mistaken seizures because [t]o be reasonable is not to be perfect. Concurring, Justice Kagan, joined by Justice Ginsburg, emphasized that judicial condonation of police mistakes of law should be exceedingly rare. In a solo dissent, Justice Sotomayor fairly wonder[ed] why an innocent citizen should be made to shoulder the burden of being seized whenever the law may be susceptible to an interpretive question. This Article provides the first empirical study of state and lower federal court cases applying Heien (from the day it was decided in mid-December 2014 through mid-June 2023). Of the over 270 cases examined, a large majority (over two-thirds) deemed unlawful police seizures reasonable, belying Justice Kagan\u27s expectation that such cases would be exceedingly rare. Moreover, the study makes clear that Heien is being applied well beyond the context in which it arose an auto stop for a suspected equipment violation. Courts regularly rely on Heien to justify unlawful stops for a broad array of other, often more serious offenses and to justify unlawful arrests of individuals, far more significant intrusions on physical liberty that allow officers to conduct searches. Courts also forgive police mistakes of law regarding Fourth Amendment doctrine, such as the contours of consent and the permissibility of warrantless blood draws. Finally, the study demonstrates that courts lack any consistent analytic rubric for assessing whether a police mistake of law is reasonable, including the critically important foundational question of who (judges, laypersons, or police) should serve as the benchmark audience when assessing whether a mistake of law is reasonable. In addition to exploring the study\u27s results, the Article uses Heien to assess the adverse real-world consequences of what would appear an uncontroversial decision by a near-unanimous Court. Heien not only augmented the already troublingly expansive police discretionary authority to seize individuals without warrants; it also significantly undermined the rule of law and undercut separation of powers. By condoning police mistakes of law, the Court at once weaponized statutory ambiguity for use against citizens and encouraged rational ignorance among police, lessening their incentive to learn the scope of the laws they enforce

To determine the role and importance of marketing research in the development of tourist routes

The article examines the role and importance of marketing research in the development of tourist routes in our country

Seeing the Light, Hearing the Call: Women Religious as Spectators and Subjects of Popular Nun Films

Though popular films like The Bells of St. Mary’s (1945), Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison (1957), The Nun’s Story (1959), and The Sound of Music (1965) have routinely been criticized for circulating polarized stereotypes about nuns, convent memoirs indicate that some women felt the stirrings of a religious vocation from watching these movies. This article arose out of interest in whether other women heard God’s call through nun films, and is based on a survey of 86 sisters from 28 different communities who had entered the convent between 1947 and 2007, and were prepared to discuss what they saw in these popular films, how they responded to their stereotypes, and what religious meaning they found there

Remarks of Professor Robert A. Friedlander

Terrorism, in its essence, consists of common crimes: murder, attempted murder, kidnapping, aggravated battery, aggravated assault, arson and whatever other act of violence is utilized for terrorist ends and as terrorist means. Admittedly the world\u27s democracies have not only failed to develop an acceptable definition for the global arena, they have also been unable to fashion a proper meaning for their own domestic statutes. We should never forget the symbiotic relationship which exists between terrorism and democracy. As the French political analyst, Jean Francois Ravel, has cogently remarked: The main target of international terrorism is the idea of freedom as embodied in the democratic state. Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes, whose politics I do not accept, has expressed this view in graphic and succinct words: Terrorism is but the dark flower of a poisonous plant--disregard for the rule of law. Our society is based on the rule of law. Terrorism challenges not only the United States but all free peoples everywhere. We must devise diplomatic measures, political actions and legislative initiatives which will counter the terrorist war and which will subject the terrorist to penalty and punishment either by the American legal system or by the other free societies and their governments and also, if necessary, impose economic sanctions, symbolic or otherwise. This leads to certain questions that the Symposium touched on this morning that I hope we have attempted to answer in all our presentations

Breaking Cultural and Financial Barriers in Olympic Sports

Nelson Mandela has said that “[s]port has the power to change the world. It has the power to inspire. It has the power to unite people in a way that little else does . . . . It is more powerful than governments in breaking down barriers.” Sports can have tremendous value, not only to the individual participants in promoting physical and mental health, skills, and teamwork, but also to society in fostering community, civic pride, and a sense of belonging, even among the fans. Sports have significant economic, political and cultural impacts at the local, national, and international spheres. This Article considers a new addition to the Olympic Programme, “breaking,” as a potential means to expand Olympian demographics and “break” cultural, racial, and economic barriers. It examines the governing structure and fundamental principles of the Olympic Movement, analyzing whether breaking is itself a sport; it explores issues of defining what is a sport, who decides whether a sport fits that definition, and the process for recognizing an Olympic sport employed within the United States and at the international sport level. Finally, the Article considers whether breaking can achieve and sustain expanded opportunities and access for diverse athletes worldwide