High efficiency InGaAs solar cells on Si by InP layer transfer

InP/Si substrates were fabricated through wafer bonding and helium-induced exfoliation of InP, and InGaAs solar cells lattice matched to bulk InP were grown on these substrates using metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. The photovoltaic characteristics of the InGaAs cells fabricated on the wafer-bonded InP/Si substrates were comparable to those synthesized on commercially available epiready InP substrates, thus providing a demonstration of wafer-bonded InP/Si substrates as an alternative to bulk InP substrates for solar cell applications

Involving, Countering and Overlooking Stakeholder Networks in Soft Regulation: Case study of a SME’s implementation of SA8000

To achieve effective stakeholder governance in the context of international social accountability certification (SA8000) requires constructing a network of agreement. In a case study of a small-to-medium-sized enterprise (SME), we examine managers’ attempts at enrolling participants in the supply chain to investigate how they strive to engage these stakeholders. We adopt actor-network theory (ANT) and sensemaking theory to develop a novel approach to understanding social accountability (SA) standards’ certification in stakeholder networks. We argue that the design and operation of any SA standard across a network requires not only attempts at enrolling other participants in the supply chain but management contextualizing and problematizing the terms of their involvement.acceptedVersio

Photocurrent enhancement in In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As solar cells grown on InP/SiO_2/Si transferred epitaxial templates

InP/Si engineered substrates formed by wafer bonding and layer transfer have the potential to significantly reduce the cost and weight of III-V compound semiconductor solar cells. InP/Si substrates were prepared by He implantation of InP prior to bonding to a thermally oxidized Si substrate and annealing to exfoliate an InP thin film. Following thinning of the transferred InP film to remove surface damage caused by the implantation and exfoliation process, InGaAs solar cells lattice-matched to bulk InP were grown on these substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics of the InGaAs cells fabricated on the wafer-bonded InP/Si substrates were comparable to those synthesized on commercially available epi-ready InP substrates, and had a ~20% higher short-circuit current which we attribute to the high reflectivity of the InP/SiO_2/Si bonding interface. This work provides an initial demonstration of wafer-bonded InP/Si substrates as an alternative to bulk InP substrates for solar cell applications

Networks Perceptions and Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support for Women’s Work Contribution

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between women’s networks perceptions and job satisfaction. It also examines the mediating effects of perceived organizational support for women’s work contribution on the relationship between networks perceptions and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approachThe participants are female employees working in Scotland (n = 247). The data were collected using a survey questionnaire. PROCESS macro (model 4, Hayes, 2018) was used to test the proposed model. FindingsThe results revealed that (controlling for work time, age, and sector) there is a significant relationship between women’s networks perceptions and job satisfaction. In addition, POS for women’s work contribution mediates the relationship between networks perceptions and job satisfaction. These findings show the significant effects of networks perceptions on employees’ job satisfaction directly and through POS for women’s work contribution. Therefore, understanding the networks perceptions of employees and organizational factors will assist in improving job satisfaction. Originality/valueThis study is unique for examining the role of POS for women’s work contribution in the relationship between employees’ networks perceptions and job satisfaction. It addresses gender inequality in the workplace in terms of women’s career advancement and job satisfaction. In addition, this research offers insight into the development of a 7-items measurement scale related to networks perceptions. Funding StatementThis reported study was unfunded. Ethical Compliance: All procedures performed in this research involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the university institutional ethics committee

The Influence of Personal Skills Development and Coping Self-Efficacy on the Affective Occupational Commitment of Women in STEM Fields

Purpose: Despite continuing under-representation of women in STEM fields, the literature still falls short on identifying and explaining the factors that could contribute to women's persistence and commitment. The purpose of this research is to identify cognitive and behavioural factors that will support the occupational commitment of women in STEM. Design: Quantitative analysis is based on a questionnaire survey of 375 women working in STEM in the Middle East region. Multiple regression and bootstrapping methods were employed in the analysis of the data. Finding: The results support the following hypotheses: Personal skills development has a positive impact on affective occupational commitment and coping self-efficacy; and, coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between personal skills development and affective occupational commitment. Originality: This study adds insights on the dynamic approaches adopted by women in STEM fields to overcome occupational career challenges by testing several internal drivers, coping self-efficacy and personal learning

Calculations of parity nonconserving s-d transitions in Cs, Fr, Ba II, and Ra II

We have performed ab initio mixed-states and sum-over-states calculations of parity nonconserving (PNC) electric dipole (E1) transition amplitudes between s-d electron states of Cs, Fr, Ba II, and Ra II. For the lower states of these atoms we have also calculated energies, E1 transition amplitudes, and lifetimes. We have shown that PNC E1 transition amplitudes between s-d states can be calculated to high accuracy. Contrary to the Cs 6s-7s transition, in these transitions there are no strong cancelations between different terms in the sum-over-states approach. In fact, there is one dominating term which deviates from the sum by less than 20%. This term corresponds to an s-p_{1/2} weak matrix element, which can be calculated to better than 1%, and a p_{1/2}-d_{3/2} E1 transition amplitude, which can be measured. Also, the s-d amplitudes are about four times larger than the corresponding s-s transitions. We have shown that by using a hybrid mixed-states/sum-over-states approach the accuracy of the calculations of PNC s-d amplitudes could compete with that of Cs 6s-7s if p_{1/2}-d_{3/2} E1 amplitudes are measured to high accuracy.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

The employee as 'Dish of the Day’:human resource management and the ethics of consumption

This article examines the ethical implications of the growing integration of consumption into the heart of the employment relationship. Human resource management (HRM) practices increasingly draw upon the values and practices of consumption, constructing employees as the ‘consumers’ of ‘cafeteria-style’ benefits and development opportunities. However, at the same time employees are expected to market themselves as items to be consumed on a corporate menu. In relation to this simultaneous position of consumer/consumed, the employee is expected to actively engage in the commodification of themselves, performing an appropriate organizational identity as a necessary part of being a successful employee. This article argues that the relationship between HRM and the simultaneously consuming/consumed employee affects the conditions of possibility for ethical relations within organizational life. It is argued that the underlying ‘ethos’ for the integration of consumption values into HRM practices encourages a self-reflecting, self-absorbed subject, drawing upon a narrow view of individualised autonomy and choice. Referring to Levinas’ perspective that the primary ethical relation is that of responsibility and openness to the Other, it is concluded that these HRM practices affect the possibility for ethical being

Photocurrent enhancement in In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As solar cells grown on InP/SiO_2/Si transferred epitaxial templates

InP/Si engineered substrates formed by wafer bonding and layer transfer have the potential to significantly reduce the cost and weight of III-V compound semiconductor solar cells. InP/Si substrates were prepared by He implantation of InP prior to bonding to a thermally oxidized Si substrate and annealing to exfoliate an InP thin film. Following thinning of the transferred InP film to remove surface damage caused by the implantation and exfoliation process, InGaAs solar cells lattice-matched to bulk InP were grown on these substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics of the InGaAs cells fabricated on the wafer-bonded InP/Si substrates were comparable to those synthesized on commercially available epi-ready InP substrates, and had a ~20% higher short-circuit current which we attribute to the high reflectivity of the InP/SiO_2/Si bonding interface. This work provides an initial demonstration of wafer-bonded InP/Si substrates as an alternative to bulk InP substrates for solar cell applications