Development of an SPR imaging biosensor for determination of cathepsin G in saliva and white blood cells

Cathepsin G (CatG) is an endopeptidase that is associated with the early immune response. The synthetic compound cathepsin G inhibitor I (CGI-I) was tested for its ability to inhibit the activity of CatG via a new surface plasmon resonance imaging assay. CGI-I was immobilized on the gold surface of an SPR sensor that was first modified with 1-octadecanethiol. A concentration of CGI-I equal to 4.0 μg·mL-1 and a pH of 8.0 were found to give the best results. The dynamic response of the sensor ranges from 0.25 to 1.5 ng·mL-1, and the detection limit is 0.12 ng·mL-1. The sensor was applied to detect CatG in human saliva and white blood cells

The evaluation of cystatin C, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha levels in total saliva and gingival crevicular fluid from 11- to 16-year-old children

WOS: 000255961500012PubMed: 18454664Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of cystatin C, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the total saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy children (PHC) and children with gingivitis (CG) who were between I I and 16 years old. Methods: The study was carried out with 10 PHC and 25 CG. Unstimulated total saliva and GCF samples were obtained. Clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI), were assessed. GCF samples were collected from four maxillary upper incisors. After sampling, biochemical analyses were performed using latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for cystatin C and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. The multivariate analysis of variance test was used for statistical evaluation. Results: In total saliva, cystatin C and TNF-a levels were higher in PHC, and IL-1 beta levels were higher in CG, but the differences were not statistically significant. In GCF, cystatin C levels were higher in PHC (P >0.05), whereas TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta levels were higher in CG (P >0.05). In the CG group, there were positive correlations between the GCF cystatin C level and the PI of the sampled site (r = 0.488; P 0.05), but there was no correlation between cystatin C levels and IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha levels in total saliva or GCF

Neopterin Profile To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Treatment In Aggressive Periodontitis

Periodontal disease results from the interaction of the host defence mechanisms with the microbial dental plaque. Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) provides a non-invasive means of evaluating the role of the host response in periodontal disease. Based on our previous study, demonstrating increased levels of neopterin in GCF and saliva from patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on the levels of neopterin in GCF, saliva and urine of patients with AgP. Pre-treatment values of neopterin in GCF were 4.04 +/- 0.86 nmol/ml for the AgP group (n=8) and 2.68 +/- 0.90 nmol/ml for the control group (n=8; difference not significant). After periodontal treatment, the level of neopterin was found 2.38 +/- 0.72 nmol/ml in the patient group which did not differ from pre-treatment levels. The salivary neopterin concentration was higher in both AgP groups (14.14 +/- 2.85 nmol/l and 8.02 +/- 3.12 nmol/l, before and after periodontal treatment) than in controls (2.58 +/- 0.3 nmol/l; both p<0.05). No significant difference in salivary neopterin level was observed in patients before and after periodontal treatment. Concentrations of urine neopterin in patients before treatment were 188.5 +/- 30.98 mumol neopterin/mol creatinine and 168.1 +/- 20.21 mumol in controls (difference not significant). Following periodontal treatment, the urinary neopterin levels (310.1 +/- 39.82 mumol neopterin/mol creatinine) were higher when compared to the baseline levels and to controls (p<0.05). Our results suggest that neopterin in saliva and GCF might. be associated with the periodontal diseases process.Wo

Levels Of Interleukin-8 During Tooth Movement

A host-derived neutrophil-activating cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is secreted mainly by monocytes and is considered to be important in regulating alveolar bone resorption during tooth movement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of IL-8 during mechanical forces on periodontal tissues at different stages of orthodontic therapy. Ten canine teeth of patients having different Angle classifications were selected for the study. After the premolars were extracted, the maxillary/mandibular canines were tipped distally. Gingival crevicular fluid was sampled from mesial and distal gingival crevices of each canine separately at baseline and one hour, 24 hours, six days, 10 days, and 30 days after the application of the force. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative detection of IL-8 was used. Although there was an increase in the concentration of IL-8 at tension (mesial) sites after one hour, 24 hours, six days, and 10 days, a decrease was observed at 30 days. Pressure (distal) sites did not demonstrate such an increase at any period except at 10 days. However, the concentration of IL-8 at both sites showed a similar decrease and approached each other at day 30. We concluded that local host response toward the orthodontic forces might lead an increase in IL-8 and neutrophil accumulation, and this may be one of the triggers for bone remodeling processes.Wo

The use of hormones indicators in human saliva in diagnosing parodontitis in pregnant women

Aims: The purpose of this work- was to study the dynamics of biochemical parameters of human saliva and analyze the features of the chemical composition of the saliva of women with abnormal pregnancy and in periodontitis against pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The study included four groups of women: a control group of nonpregnant women of childbearing age (10), pregnant women with physiological pregnancy (24-28 weeks) without any signs of periodontal disease (10), pregnant with a generalized periodontitis I--II degrees in remission (10), women with pathological pregnancy with no signs of periodontal inflammation (10). In each of the groups over two samples of saliva were collected, the first collection of saliva in the morning on an empty stomach. Then mouthwash 0.9% sodium chloride solution was assigned and after 30 minutes the second portion of saliva. By enzyme immunoassay in samples of saliva of control groups of nonpregnant and pregnant women, as well as women with signs of a pathological course of pregnancy, the content of estriol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was determined. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical data analysis was performed by the standard technique using Student′s t-test. Results: The results of biochemical analysis of saliva samples collected before rinsing the mouth with saline in groups of healthy nonpregnant and pregnant women were compared. It was established that during pregnancy the concentration of salivary estriol increases, but in pregnant women with periodontitis, the amount of this hormone in the saliva was significantly reduced. The highest content of testosterone in saliva samples, observed in healthy pregnant women, was significantly higher than nonpregnant women. In pregnant women with periodontitis concentration of testosterone in saliva is reduced, while remaining significantly higher than its level in the saliva of nonpregnant women. The highest concentration of testosterone is observed in the saliva of healthy pregnant women with periodontitis, but the smallest concentration of testosterone is found in the saliva of nonpregnant women. Also the nonpregnant group has the lowest levels of DHEA in pregnancy, and its content increases almost threefold when periodontal disease further grows. Conclusions: It was established that periodontitis against pregnancy is characterized by higher levels of salivary DHEA sulfate and lower estriol, compared with a control group of pregnant women