10 research outputs found
Bat functional traits associated with environmental, landscape, and conservation variables in Neotropical dry forests
Tropical dry forests are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide. Bats' role in those ecosystems is critical because of multiple bat-mediated processes. Such processes are strongly related to bats' functional traits. However, it is poorly known which bat's functional traits could relate to variations in environmental conditions in tropical dry forests. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that bat functional traits would be significantly associated with landscape variables, climatic variables, and land-use intensity. For testing these hypotheses, we used data from phyllostomid and mormoopid bats captured in mist nets and data from non-phyllostomid insectivorous bat species registered by passive acoustic monitoring. We considered six functional traits for phyllostomid and mormoopid bats, and for non-phyllostomid insectivorous bats, we added two echolocation parameters. We measured five environmental variables, two of local climate (daily maximum temperature and wind speed) and three of landscape features (total area of water and closeness, probability of finding caves, and conservation status). The relationships between bat functional traits and environmental variables were evaluated using the RLQ and the fourth-corner analysis. We captured 360 individuals belonging to 14 species with mist nets (Phyllostomidae and Mormoopidae), and we identified 18 species and six sonotypes with acoustic sampling (Emballonuridae, Mormoopidae, Molossidae, Natalidae, Noctilionidae, and Vespertilionidae). We found that bats' functional traits related to environmental conditions were pulse structure, diet, vertical foraging stratification, and trophic level, although these relationships varied among bats' ecological roles. The hematophagous were related to water bodies' closeness, and animalivorous bats, mostly mormoopids, showed a relationship with the probability of finding caves. Insectivorous bats that mostly forage on the canopy and emit qCF calls were significantly related to more conserved sites, and bats that emit qCF pulses were significantly associated with less area covered by water. Our findings provide insights into how bat functional traits vary in their relationships with environmental conditions in harsh environments such as dry forests
Mamíferos, historia natural y colecciones
In this issue of Mammalogy Notes, we feature three notes on range extension, seven notes on natural history, and four inventories of mammals. Contributions come from Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Brazil, and Venezuela. Additionally, we include three new contributions from the special series on biological collections of Colombian mammals. In this way, Mammalogy Notes keeps growing, improving, and contributing to the knowledge of neotropical mammals.En este número de Mammalogy Notes presentamos tres notas sobre extensiones de distribución, siete notas de historia natural y cuatro inventarios de mamíferos. Las contribuciones provienen de Colombia, Perú, México, Brasil y Venezuela. Adicionalmente, incluimos tres nuevos trabajos de la serie especial sobre colecciones de mamíferos de Colombia. De esta forma Mammalogy notes continúa creciendo, mejorando y aportando al conocimiento de los mamíferos neotropicales
Resultados clínicos en receptores de trasplante renal posterior a la conversión a ImTOR
Introducción: los ImTOR, sirolimus y everolimus son una alternativa de inmunosupresión en personas que han recibido transplantes rena-les. En este artículo, se describe la experiencia de pacientes que han experimentado una conversión a ImTOR, y a los que se les ha hecho un seguimiento por más de cinco años.Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron pacientes con transplantes renales desde 1995 hasta 2013, quienes tuvieron indicación de suspensión del inhibidor de calcineurina (ICN) después del tercer mes posterior al trasplante. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a biopsia renal antes de la administración de ImTOR. Ningún paciente tuvo diagnóstico de nefropatía crónica, IFTA >40 % o proteinuria >350 mg/24h. Se elaboró un análisis descriptivo para todas las variables. Para estudiar la supervivencia del paciente y del injerto, y la incidencia de rechazo agudo, se usó el método de Kaplan-Meier.Resultados: de 1273 trasplantes renales, la conversión de ICN a ImTOR se realizó en 166 casos (13 %). Al 78 % (n=129) se le administró sirolimus. El 13 % de los pacientes perdió la función del injerto y 7 pacientes (4,2 %) fallecieron. En el 37 % de los casos, se retiró el ImTOR. La principal causa de retiro fue el hallazgo de proteinuria patológica. La incidencia de rechazo agudo después del cambio a ImTOR fue de 9,6 %. La supervivencia del injerto tras uno y cinco años fue de 96,6 % y 83,5 %, respectivamente; y la supervivencia del paciente a uno y cinco años fue de 98 % y 97 %, respectivamente.Conclusiones: el uso de inhibidores ImTOR parece ser seguro en este grupo de pacientes trasplantados, pues hubo una baja tasa de rechazo y buena supervivencia del injert
Molecular diet analysis of the marine fish-eating bat, Myotis vivesi Menegaux, 1901, and potential mercury exposure
Mercury is a toxic element acquired by animals through feeding and that can accumulate within food chains through biomagnification. This possesses particular risks to higher trophic levels and may unduly impact marine foraging species or individuals. The fish-eating bat, Myotis vivesi Menegaux, 1901, inhabits islands in the Gulf of California and can act as a predator in the marine environment. A predominantly marine diet and a high trophic position increase the risk of mercury exposure as a consequence of increased bioaccumulation. Using molecular techniques to reconstruct diet, we show that M. vivesi regularly feeds on small fishes and crustaceans, particularly on the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854) and the krill species (Nyctiphanes simplex Hansen, 1911). Additionally, we identify significant inter-annual variation in diet composition within this population, but measured levels of total mercury in faecal samples were not related to dietary diversity or trophic level.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Multiple dimensions of phyllostomid bat biodiversity across ecosystems of the Orinoco Llanos
Understanding the impacts of habitat conversion on species assemblages across multiple biodiversity dimensions (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) and spatial scales is pivotal for implementing effective conservation strategies. Here, we surveyed phyllostomid bats using mist nets in riparian and unflooded forests, flooded savannahs, and conventional rice fields to investigate how changes in habitat quality affect multifaceted diversity from two Colombian farming systems in the Orinoco Llanos: traditional farmlands with high-intensity agriculture (mainly rice production) and Civil Society Nature Reserves with greater ecosystem protection. We used a unified framework based on Hill numbers for quantifying bat taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and modeled the relationship of these diversity facets with landscape variables (habitat cover and patch density) across three spatial scales (0.5, 1.5, 3 km) using Bayesian generalized linear mixed-effect models. Our results indicate that increasing human activity toward rice monocultures representative of traditional farmlands negatively affected all diversity facets. In contrast, forested habitats associated mainly with riparian forests within private reserves contained higher taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity than savannahs and rice fields. However, the differences between riparian forests and rice crops were significant only for phylogenetic diversity, indicating loss of evolutionary history after habitat conversion. At the landscape scale, forest cover was a significant predictor for functional (0.5- and 3-km scale) and phylogenetic diversity (0.5 km), and bats responded negatively at the 3-km scale to rice patch density from a functional diversity perspective. Increasing habitat quality through preserving forest cover and patches should minimize the harmful effects of habitat conversion on multidimensional bat biodiversity. Furthermore, the conservation of riparian forests and the creation of more wildlife-friendly farming, as practiced in the reserves, should be prioritized to ensure high levels of bat taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity across Orinoco countryside landscapes
Mammalogy Notes cumple 10 años y celebra su contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos de Colombia y el mundo
Mammalogy Notes, la revista científica de la Sociedad Colombiana de Mastozoología celebra su primera década de publicar y difundir investigación e información científica original sobre la historia natural, distribución, ecología y otros aspectos de la biología de los mamíferos de Colombia y el mundo. La revista ha servido de espacio de difusión principalmente para autores latinoamericanos, destacándose la contribución de colombianos, mexicanos y brasileños. Resaltamos el apoyo incondicional y el legado de los editores, autores e investigadores en general, quienes han sido clave en el fortalecimiento y consolidación de Mammalogy Notes. Así mismo, esperamos que la revista continúe por muchos años más y se siga consolidando como una fuente confiable de información sobre la diversidad e importancia de los mamíferos a nivel nacional e internacional