Located Muscles Innervated by the Bundles of Median and Ulnar Nerves

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the conduction parameters of nerve bundles of median and ulnar nerves that innervate proximal and distal muscles. Subjects and Methods: Thirty male and 30 female healthy volunteers between 18 and 70 years of age were enrolled in the study. The conduction parameters were recorded from the proximally located flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres and the flexor carpi radialis muscles to the distally located abductor digiti minimi and abductor pollicis brevis muscles for the ulnar and median nerves. Each nerve was stimulated at the region above the elbow and at the axillary region separately. The Student t test was used for statistical analysis, and Levene's test was used to assess whether or not the group variances exhibited a uniform distribution. Results: The conduction velocities were faster (78.27 +/- 6.55 vs. 67.83 +/- 6.76 m/s, and 74.57 +/- 5.66 and 74.23 +/- 5.88 vs. 66.38 +/- 6.85 m/s) and the durations of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) response were longer (15.65 +/- 2.43 vs. 13.55 +/- 1.78 ms, and 16.38 +/- 2.39 and 16.04 +/- 2.34 vs. 13.40 +/- 1.79 ms) in proximally located muscles than in distally located muscles that are innervated either by ulnar or median nerves (p 0.05) between males and females regarding conduction velocities and CMAP amplitudes recorded from proximal and distal muscles. Conclusion: Proximal muscles innervated by median or ulnar nerves had lower CMAP amplitude values, longer CMAP durations and higher conduction velocities than distal muscles. These findings could reveal a temporal dispersion and phase cancellation due to desynchronized conduction during nerve stimulation. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel

in nursing home residents

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of dementia and related factors and comorbid psychiatric disorder among elderly in nursing home. Methods: This study was done in 141 elderly people who live in Denizli nursing home. Dementia and psychiatric disorder were diagnosed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Mini Mental State Examination, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Global Deterioration Scale, Multidimensional observation scale for elderly subjects were used for elderly in this study. Results: Our study includes elderly people who are men (66%) and women, the mean age of group was 74.99 +/- 9.81 years, the mean education years was 1.79 +/- 3.03 years, mean duration in nursing home was 42.68 months. Prevalence of DSM-IV dementia was 62.4% (n=88). Out of patients with dementia 59 (67%) were Alzheimer Disorder, 22 (25%) were vascular dementia and 7 (%8) were the other type of dementia. Age, number of chronic physical disorder and the number of the drugs used were higher in dementia group than in non-dementia group. Level of education was lower in elderly with dementia than elderly without dementia. Older age than 76 years, residing in rural areas, low education level, having to Diabetes Mellitus are determined to be the risk factors for depressive disorders according to logistic regression analysis. At least one psychiatric disorder was associated with 45.6% of dementia patients and depressive disorder was found to be the most diagnosed entity. Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia and comorbid depression is common among elderly people in nursing homes. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10:301-309

Evaluation of Electrophysiological Effects of Melatonin and Alpha Lipoic Acid in Rats with Streptozotocine Induced Diabetic Neuropathy.

INTRODUCTION: Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and is closely related to quality of life. There are many studies in which biological ingredients, such as alpha lipoic acid (ALA), that may inhibit or reduce the generation of diabetic neuropathy were investigated. Another biological agent that may reduce the generation of diabetic neuropathy is melatonin and there are a few studies that investigate the effects of melatonin on diabetic neuropathy. In this study we aimed to examine the effect of melatonin on experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy by comparing it with both ALA and control groups. METHODS: We included 24 male Wistar rats. Tibial motor nerve conduction and cortical tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) studies were performed before and after diabetes mellitus (DM) for all rats. Rats were divided into 3 (ALA, melatonin and control) groups. After 2 weeks of treatment period, tibial motor nerve conduction and cortical tibial SEP studies were repeated. RESULTS: Our data showed that ALA significantly increased nerve conduction velocity and amplitude in rats with diabetic neuropathy (p=0,001; p=0,002). Also, melatonin significantly increased nerve conduction velocity and amplitude in rats with diabetic neuropathy (p=0.002; p=0.002). There was no significant difference between the electrophysiological effects of ALA and melatonin. Besides, neither ALA nor melatonin did significantly affect P1 and N1 latency values on cortical tibial nerve SEP studies. CONCLUSION: Our study is the study in which both tibial nerve conduction and cortical tibial SEP studies were performed to compare effects of ALA and melatonin on experimental diabetic neuropathy. Lack of significant difference on cortical tibial SEP study would be attributed to the involvement of other central nervous system pathways which do not include ALA or melatonin in the pathogenesis. RESULTS of ALA group are important by means of giving objective evidences for results of biochemical studies about the role of ALA in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. However, there is not enough information about the effect of melatonin in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Consequently, results of our study may anticipate further biochemical and clinic studies which investigate the about the role of melatonin in diabetic neuropathy

Quantitative EEG analysis in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Quantitative analysis of the EEG (q-EEG) in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) showed a decreased beta and an increased theta power at frontotemporal regions. The patients who had higher scores in doubting test (Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire) and more severely ill patients shared similar q-EEG features. The relative theta powers were significantly increased and alpha powers were significantly decreased in these patients, particularly in the frontotemporal region. It was suggested that the q-EEG may be useful in investigating the OCD patients with heterogeneous characteristics

Public Health Reports ; v. 51, no. 22 : table of contents

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in nursing home residents

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of dementia and related factors and comorbid psychiatric disorder among elderly in nursing home. Methods: This study was done in 141 elderly people who live in Denizli nursing home. Dementia and psychiatric disorder were diagnosed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Mini Mental State Examination, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Global Deterioration Scale, Multidimensional observation scale for elderly subjects were used for elderly in this study. Results: Our study includes elderly people who are men (66%) and women, the mean age of group was 74.99 +/- 9.81 years, the mean education years was 1.79 +/- 3.03 years, mean duration in nursing home was 42.68 months. Prevalence of DSM-IV dementia was 62.4% (n=88). Out of patients with dementia 59 (67%) were Alzheimer Disorder, 22 (25%) were vascular dementia and 7 (%8) were the other type of dementia. Age, number of chronic physical disorder and the number of the drugs used were higher in dementia group than in non-dementia group. Level of education was lower in elderly with dementia than elderly without dementia. Older age than 76 years, residing in rural areas, low education level, having to Diabetes Mellitus are determined to be the risk factors for depressive disorders according to logistic regression analysis. At least one psychiatric disorder was associated with 45.6% of dementia patients and depressive disorder was found to be the most diagnosed entity. Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia and comorbid depression is common among elderly people in nursing homes. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10:301-309

Acid in Rats with Streptozotocine Induced Diabetic Neuropathy

Introduction: Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and is closely related to quality of life. There are many studies in which biological ingredients, such as alpha lipoic acid (ALA), that may inhibit or reduce the generation of diabetic neuropathy were investigated. Another biological agent that may reduce the generation of diabetic neuropathy is melatonin and there are a few studies that investigate the effects of melatonin on diabetic neuropathy. In this study we aimed to examine the effect of melatonin on experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy by comparing it with both ALA and control groups.Methods: We included 24 male Wistar rats. Tibial motor nerve conduction and cortical tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) studies were performed before and after diabetes mellitus (DM) for all rats. Rats were divided into 3 (ALA, melatonin and control) groups. After 2 weeks of treatment period, tibial motor nerve conduction and cortical tibial SEP studies were repeated.Results: Our data showed that ALA significantly increased nerve conduction velocity and ampli-tude in rats with diabetic neuropathy (p = 0,001; p = 0,002). Also, melatonin significantly increased nerve conduction velocity and amplitude in rats with diabetic neuropathy (p = 0.002; p = 0.002). There was no significant difference between the electrophysiological effects of ALA and melatonin. Besides, neither ALA nor melatonin did significantly affect P1 and N1 latency values on cortical tibial nerve SEP studies.Conclusion: Our study is the study in which both tibial nerve conduction and cortical tibial SEP studies were performed to compare effects of ALA and melatonin on experimental diabetic neuropathy. Lack of significant difference on cortical tibial SEP study would be attributed to the involvement of other central nervous system pathways which do not include ALA or melatonin in the pathogenesis. Results of ALA group are important by means of giving objective evidences for results of biochemical studies about the role of ALA in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. However, there is not enough information about the effect of melatonin in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Consequently, results of our study may anticipate further biochemical and clinic studies which investigate the about the role of melatonin in diabetic neuropathy

posturographical analyses

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is defined as an involuntary, irregular clonic, or tonic movement of muscles innervated by the ipsilateral seventh cranial nerve. It is reported that the coexistence of non-motor- and motor-related symptoms can be seen in patients with HFS. Postural disturbances were investigated in some movement disorders; however, postural abnormalities due to HFS had not been reported before. In this study, we aimed to investigate the postural abnormalities in patients with HFS. In this cross-sectional, controlled study, Tinetti Balance and Gait Test (TBGT) scores and static posturography were performed on fifteen patients with HFS and fifteen healthy age- and sex-matched controls. The total TBGT score and TBGT-balance score were found to be significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (p values were, respectively, 0.046 and 0.011). The ratio of the patients with high risk of falling was 40 %, and the difference was found to be significantly higher in the patient group (p value = 0.008). In Fourier analyses, a significant difference was found in the medium to high frequencies (F5-6) when the posturographic evaluation was performed on a solid ground with closed eyes, head rotated to right, and head rotated to the left positions (p values were, respectively, 0.045 and 0.007). The stability index of the HFS group was significantly higher than the control group when tested on the neutral, head right, and head left positions (p values were, respectively, 0.004, 0.049, and 0.003). In conclusion, our study showed that the patients with HFS have more balance and falling problems than the controls, which can be both clinically and posturographically determined