Comparative Analysis of Hormonal and Basic Parameters between Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Non-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Non-PCOS) Individuals

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in comparison to non-PCOS women across different age groups. The data was collected from a sample of women, and their distribution among age groups revealed that the majority of PCOS women (39.6%) were in the 36-45 years age range, followed by 30.6% in the 26-35 years group, and 29.6% in the 15-25 years group. Subsequently, various parameters were compared between PCOS and non-PCOS women. The analysis of Body Mass Index (BMI) indicated that there was a marginal difference, with PCOS women having a mean BMI of 20.93±2.37 kg/m2, and non-PCOS women having a slightly higher mean BMI of 21.51±2.37 kg/m2. Furthermore, hormonal analysis revealed that PCOS women had significantly higher levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) with a mean of 13.32±2.25 compared to non-PCOS women with a mean of 7.23±2.14. Similarly, PCOS women showed elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with a mean of 6.43±4.34, while non-PCOS women had a mean of 4.43±2.53. Moreover, insulin levels were considerably higher in PCOS women with a mean of 19.52±2.06, in contrast to non-PCOS women with a mean of 6.43±3.53. These findings suggest that PCOS is associated with distinct hormonal and metabolic profiles, contributing to the understanding of this complex syndrome and emphasizing the importance of considering age and hormonal factors in its diagnosis and managemen

Construction of single-chain variable fragment antibodies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

A phage display library of single chain variable fragment (scFv) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells was constructed from C3A8 hybridoma cells. RNA from the C3A8 was isolated, cDNA was constructed, and variable heavy and light immunoglobulin chain gene region were amplified using PCR. The variable heavy and light chain gene regions were combined with flexible linker, linked to a pCANTAB 5E phagemid vector and electrophoresed into supE strain of Escherichia coli TG1 cells. Forty-eight clones demonstrated positive binding activity to MCF-7 breast cancer cell membrane fragments and the strongest of 48 clones was selected for analysis. The anti-MCF-7 library evaluated by SfiI and NotI digests demonstrated that anti-MCF-7 scFv antibodies possess individual patterns that should be able to recognize distinct human breast cancer cells. The C3A8 scFv, with an apparent molecular weight of 32 kDa, showed high homology (99%) with single chain antibody against rice stripe virus protein P20. In summary, the anti MCF-7 scFv antibody can be used for pretargeting breast cancer for clinical diagnosis of patients; it also has potential for therapeutic applications

Hierarchical graphene oxide-Ni3S2 quantum dots nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical detection of dopamine and tyrosine

A facile synthetic strategy is demonstrated to generate nickel sulfide quantum dots (Ni3S2). The thus formed Ni3S2 quantum dots are assembled onto exfoliated graphene oxide sheets hydrothermally to form nickel sulfide-graphene oxide nanocomposite material (GO-Ni3S2). The microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of the GO-Ni3S2 nanocomposites revealed the shape, size, crystalline phases, and oxidation states (of elements) of the hybrid material. The GO-Ni3S2 nanocomposites are then coated onto the glassy carbon electrode by drop casting to form GO-Ni3S2@GCE. The modified electrode is then used to detect dopamine and tyrosine simultaneously. The effect of scan rate, analyte concentrations, pH, and interfering agents on the peak current are studied to establish a plausible mechanism for oxidizing dopamine and tyrosine at GO-Ni3S2@GCE. The GO-Ni3S2@GCE is stable for 3 weeks and ten cycles of washing with minimal loss in the peak current in each cycle. Dopamine with a concentration as low as 12 nM can be detected using the GO-Ni3S2@GCE system

Two new xanthones from Artocarpus obtusus

Two new xanthones, pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1) and dihydroartoindonesianin C (2), were isolated from the stem bark of Artocarpus obtusus Jarrett by chromatographic separation. Their structures were determined by using spectroscopic methods and comparison with known related compounds. Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1) showed strong free radical scavenging activity by using DPPH assay as well as cytotoxicity towards K562, HL-60, and MCF7 cell lines

Reactivity of phenyldi(2-thienyl)phosphine towards Group 7 Metal Carbonyls: Carbon–phosphorus Bond Activation

Addition of phenyldi(2-thienyl)phosphine (PPhTh2) to [Re2(CO)10−n(NCMe)n] (n = 1, 2) affords the substitution products [Re2(CO)10−n(PhPTh2)n] (1, 2) together with small amounts of fac-[ClRe(CO)3(PPhTh2)2] (3) (n = 2). Reaction of [Re2(CO)10] with PPhTh2in refluxing xylene affords a mixture which includes 2, [Re2(CO)7(PPhTh2)(μ-PPhTh)(μ-H)] (4), [Re2(CO)7(PPhTh2)(μ-PPhTh)(μ-η1,κ1(S)-C4H3S)] (5) and mer-[HRe(CO)3(PPhTh2)2] (6). Phosphido-bridged 4 and 5 are formed by the carbon–phosphorus bond cleavage of the coordinated PPhTh2 ligand, the cleaved thienyl group being retained in the latter. Reaction of [Mn2(CO)10] with PPhTh2 in refluxing toluene affords [Mn2(CO)9(PPhTh2)] (7) and the carbon–phosphorus bond cleavage products [Mn2(CO)6(μ-PPhTh)(μ-η1,η5-C4H3S)] (8) and [Mn2(CO)5(PPhTh2)(μ-PPhTh)(μ-η1,η5-C4H3S)] (9). Both 8 and 9 contain a bridging thienyl ligand which is bonded to one manganese atom in a η5-fashion

A mouse IgM monoclonal antibody recognized breast and colon cancer.

Hybridoma clone C3A8, which is a fusion product between splenic lymphocytes of Balb/c mice immunized with MCF7 breast carcinoma cells and SP2/0 myelomas, was produced and characterized. A stable clone that secreted IgM monoclonal antibody (MAb) with κ light chain was obtained through limiting dilutions. Cell-ELISA screening, flow cytometry analysis, and immunofluorescence staining revealed that the MAb C3A8 had bound specifically and strongly to MCF7 and HT29 but cross reacted weakly or not on HeLa cell line. The MAb C3A8 reacted positively with paraffin-embedded tissues of human breast and colon cancers but there were no positive reactions on normal tissues. Western blot analysis showed the MAb recognized a 55 kDa protein, which was present in the extract of MCF7 and HT29 cell lines. Our results demonstrated that MAb C3A8 could be used for basic and clinical research of breast and colon cancers

Intrinsic resistance to PIM kinase inhibition in AML through p38α-mediated feedback activation of mTOR signaling

Although conventional therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are effective in inducing remission, many patients relapse upon treatment. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel therapies. PIM kinases are often overexpressed in AML and DLBCL and are therefore an attractive therapeutic target. However, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that intrinsic resistance to PIM inhibition is common. It is therefore likely that only a minority of patients will benefit from single agent PIM inhibitor treatment. In this study, we performed an shRNA-based genetic screen to identify kinases whose suppression is synergistic with PIM inhibition. Here, we report that suppression of p38α (MAPK14) is synthetic lethal with the PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208. PIM inhibition elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which subsequently activates p38α and downstream AKT/mTOR signaling. We found that p38α inhibitors sensitize hematological tumor cell lines to AZD1208 treatment in vitro and in vivo. These results were validated in ex vivo patient-derived AML cells. Our findings provide mechanistic and translational evidence supporting the rationale to test a combination of p38α and PIM inhibitors in clinical trials for AML and DLBCL

The antimetastatic and antiangiogenesis effects of kefir water on murine breast cancer cells

Background. Kefir is a unique cultured product that contains beneficial probiotics. Kefir culture from other parts of the world exhibits numerous beneficial qualities such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and anticancer effects. Nevertheless, kefir cultures from different parts of the world exert different effects because of variation in culture conditions and media. Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women, and metastasis is the major cause of death associated with breast cancer. The antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects of kefir water made from kefir grains cultured in Malaysia were studied in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Methods. 4T1 cancer cells were treated with kefir water in vitro to assess its antimigration and anti-invasion effects. BALB/c mice were injected with 4T1 cancer cells and treated orally with kefir water for 28 days. Results. Kefir water was cytotoxic toward 4T1 cells at IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 12.5 and 8.33 mg/mL for 48 and 72 hours, respectively. A significant reduction in tumor size and weight (0.9132 ± 0.219 g) and a substantial increase in helper T cells (5-fold) and cytotoxic T cells (7-fold) were observed in the kefir water–treated group. Proinflammatory and proangiogenic markers were significantly reduced in the kefir water–treated group. Conclusions. Kefir water inhibited tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo mainly through cancer cell apoptosis, immunomodulation by stimulating T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells, and anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenesis effects. This study brought out the potential of the probiotic beverage kefir water in cancer treatment