Validity of naked eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test (NESTROFT) in screening of beta-thalassemia trait

زمینه و هدف: تالاسمی متداولترین اختلال تک ژنی است که رهایی از آن از طریق درمان قطعی ممکن نبوده و مستلزم پیشگیری از طریق به کارگیری یک روش قابل اعتماد و کم هزینه برای غربالگری ناقلین و در مرحله بعد ارایه آموزش، مشاوره ژنتیک، تشخیص قبل از تولد و خاتمه انتخابی به زندگی جنین های مبتلا به این اختلال است. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تست اسموتیک تک لوله ای چشمی گلبول های قرمز (NESTROFT) به عنوان یک تست غربالگری در راستای کشف مبتلایان به بتاتالاسمی مینور بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی، تست NESTROFT بر روی 158 نفر متشکل از 51 نفر فرزندان والدینی که حداقل یکی از بچه های آنها دارای بتا تالاسمی ماژور بود، 51 فرد طبیعی و 56 فرد از مبتلایان به فقر آهن انجام شد. داده های حاصل به کمک آزمون های آماری آنالیز واریانس یک راهه و آزمون تعقیبی دانت تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج، حساسیت و ارزش اخباری منفی تست NESTROFT 100 بوده و با توجه به 14 مورد نتیجه مثبت کاذب ناشی از فقر آهن، ویژگی آن 9/86 و ارزش اخباری مثبت تست 5/78 می باشد. نتیجه گیری: تست NESTROFTدر عین کم هزینه بودن و سهولت انجام، حساسیت بالایی برای کشف بتا تالاسمی مینور داشته و می توان از آن در کشورهای در حال توسعه با منابع اقتصادی و تکنیکی محدود از قبیل ایران در مقیاس وسیع جهت غربالگری توده ای استفاده نمود

Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweezers for Computer Network Communication

A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presentedto generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/dropfilter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ringon the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulseof optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where theinput Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop portof the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connectedto a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can beused to generate high capacity quantum codes within series ofMRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signalsknown as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system.Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an opticalcommunication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with fullwidth at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm,1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the systemrespectively. These results used to be transmitted through aquantum signal processor via an optical computer networkcommunication link

Digital Binary Codes Transmission via TDMA Networks Communication System Using Dark and Bright Optical Soliton

In this study, new system of microring resonator forquantum cryptography in network communication is proposed.optical potential well can be generated and propagate via anonlinear modified add/drop interferometer systemincorporated with a beam splitter and a time division multipleaccess (TDMA) system wherein the quantum binary codes canbe generated, propagated and transmitted. A system known asoptical multiplexer can be used to increase the channel capacityand security of the signals, where the beam splitters generatehigh capacity of binary codes within the proposed system.Therefore, ring resonator system is used to form the opticalpotential wells. The multiplexed potential wells are formed andtransmit via an available link, where the logic codes can be sentout with different time, used for high capacity transmission ofthe secured data. In this work narrow pulses with FHHM of 9.57nm and 8 nm could be obtained from the drop and throughports of the add/drop interferometer system respectively. Theoutputs of different center wavelengths are combined and usedto generate multiple potential well signals, where the multiplesignals with FWHM and FSR of 0.8 nm and 5 nm could beobtained respectively. Digital codes can be generated andtransmitted via communication networks systems such as timedivision multiple access (TDMA) using dark and bright solitonpulses with FHHM and FSR of 0.54 nm and 4.71 nm

The case for studying other planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres in Heliophysics

Heliophysics is the field that "studies the nature of the Sun, and how it influences the very nature of space - and, in turn, the atmospheres of planetary bodies and the technology that exists there." However, NASA's Heliophysics Division tends to limit study of planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres to only those of Earth. This leaves exploration and understanding of space plasma physics at other worlds to the purview of the Planetary Science and Astrophysics Divisions. This is detrimental to the study of space plasma physics in general since, although some cross-divisional funding opportunities do exist, vital elements of space plasma physics can be best addressed by extending the expertise of Heliophysics scientists to other stellar and planetary magnetospheres. However, the diverse worlds within the solar system provide crucial environmental conditions that are not replicated at Earth but can provide deep insight into fundamental space plasma physics processes. Studying planetary systems with Heliophysics objectives, comprehensive instrumentation, and new grant opportunities for analysis and modeling would enable a novel understanding of fundamental and universal processes of space plasma physics. As such, the Heliophysics community should be prepared to consider, prioritize, and fund dedicated Heliophysics efforts to planetary targets to specifically study space physics and aeronomy objectives

New Frontiers-class Uranus Orbiter: Exploring the feasibility of achieving multidisciplinary science with a mid-scale mission

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Neptune Odyssey: A Flagship Concept for the Exploration of the Neptune–Triton System

The Neptune Odyssey mission concept is a Flagship-class orbiter and atmospheric probe to the Neptune-Triton system. This bold mission of exploration would orbit an ice-giant planet to study the planet, its rings, small satellites, space environment, and the planet-sized moon Triton. Triton is a captured dwarf planet from the Kuiper Belt, twin of Pluto, and likely ocean world. Odyssey addresses Neptune system-level science, with equal priorities placed on Neptune, its rings, moons, space environment, and Triton. Between Uranus and Neptune, the latter is unique in providing simultaneous access to both an ice giant and a Kuiper Belt dwarf planet. The spacecraft - in a class equivalent to the NASA/ESA/ASI Cassini spacecraft - would launch by 2031 on a Space Launch System or equivalent launch vehicle and utilize a Jupiter gravity assist for a 12 yr cruise to Neptune and a 4 yr prime orbital mission; alternatively a launch after 2031 would have a 16 yr direct-to-Neptune cruise phase. Our solution provides annual launch opportunities and allows for an easy upgrade to the shorter (12 yr) cruise. Odyssey would orbit Neptune retrograde (prograde with respect to Triton), using the moon's gravity to shape the orbital tour and allow coverage of Triton, Neptune, and the space environment. The atmospheric entry probe would descend in ~37 minutes to the 10 bar pressure level in Neptune's atmosphere just before Odyssey's orbit-insertion engine burn. Odyssey's mission would end by conducting a Cassini-like "Grand Finale,"passing inside the rings and ultimately taking a final great plunge into Neptune's atmosphere

Decimal convertor application for optical wireless communication by generating of dark and bright signals of soliton

Two systems consist of microring resonators (MRRs) and an add/drop filter are used to generate signals as localized multi wavelengths. Quantum dense encoding can be performed by output signals of selected wavelengths incorporated to a polarization control system. Therefore dark and bright optical soliton pulses with different time slot are generated. They can be converted into digital logic quantum codes using a decimal convertor system propagating along a wireless networks. Results show that multi soliton wavelength, ranged from 1.55 m to 1.56 m with FWHM and FSR of 10 pm and 600 pm can be generated respectively. Keywords- Micro Ring Resonator, Quantum Dense Coding (QDC), Wireless network communication system

MRR quantum dense coding for optical wireless communication system using decimal convertor

In this study, simply two systems consist of series of microring resonators (MRRs) and a add/drop filter are used to generate a large bandwidth signal as localized multi wavelength, applicable for quantum dense coding (QDC) and continuous variable encoding generation using incorporated system. This technique uses the Kerr nonlinear type of light in the MRR to generate multi wavelength for desired application especially in internet security and quantum network cryptography. Quantum dense encoding can be perform by output signals of selected wavelengths which are incorporated to a polarization control system in which dark and bright optical soliton pulses with different time slot are generated. Generated dark and bright optical pulses can be converted into digital logic quantum codes using a decimal convertor system in which transmission of secured information are perform via a wireless network communication system. Results show that multi soliton wavelength, ranged from 1.55µm to 1.56µm with FWHM and FSR of 10 pm and 600 pm can be generated respectively

Generation of discrete frequency and wavelength for secured computer networks system using integrated ring resonators

In this study, a system of discrete optical pulse generation via a series of microring resonator (MRR) is presented. Chaotic signals can be generated by an optical soliton or a Gaussian pulse within a MRR system. Large bandwidth signals of optical soliton are generated by input pulse propagating within the MRRs, which can be used to form continuous wavelength or frequency with large tunable channel capacity. Therefore, distinguished discrete wavelength or frequency pulses can be generated by using localized spatial pulses via a networks communication system. Selected discrete pulses are more suitable to generate high-secured quantum codes because of the large free spectral range (FSR). Quantum codes can be generated by using a polarization control unit and a beam splitter, incorporating to the MRRs. In this work, frequency band of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm and 2489 nm are localized and obtained which can be used for quantum codes generation applicable for secured networks communication