Balanced Growth With Structural Change

We study a multi-sector model of growth with differences in TFP growth rates across sectorsand derive sufficient conditions for the coexistence of a balanced aggregate growth path, withall aggregates growing at the same rate, and structural change, characterized by sectoral laborreallocation. The conditions needed are weak restrictions on the utility and productionfunctions: goods should be poor substitutes and the intertemporal elasticity of substitutionshould be one. We present evidence from US and UK sectors, that is consistent with ourconclusions and successfully calibrate the shift from agriculture to manufacturing andservices in the United States.structural change, balanced growth, total factor productivity

Welfare Policy and the Distribution of Hours of Work

We examine the distribution of hours of work across industrial sectors in OECD countries. We find large disparities when sectors are divided into three groups: one that produces goods without home substitutes and two others that have home substitutes — health and social work, and all others. We attribute the disparities to the countries' tax and subsidy policies. High taxation substantially reduces hours in sectors that have close home substitutes but less so in other sectors. Health and social care subsidies increase hours in that sector. We compute these effects for nineteen OECD countries.hours of work, employment shares, home production, childcare, tax wedge, welfare state, social subsidies

Employment Outcomes in the Welfare State

We examine the implications of tax and subsidy policies for employment in the "three worlds of welfare", Anglo-Saxon, Continental European and Scandinavian. We argue that home production is key to a proper evaluation of the employment outcomes. Anglo-Saxon low-support policies encourage more overall market employment. Continental transfer polilcies encourage more home production in services with close substitutes at home. Scandinavian policies give incentives to move home production in social services to the market but discourage other service activity. We find support for our claims in sectoral employment data for five representative countries, United States, Britain, France, Italy and Sweden.welfare state, employment, social services, tax and subsidy, three worlds of welfare

Trends in Hours and Economic Growth

We study long-run trends in market hours of work and employment shifts across economic sectors driven by uneven TFP growth in market and home production. We focus on the structural transformation between agriculture, manufacturing and services and on the marketization of home production. The model can rationalize the observed falling or Ushaped pattern for aggregate hours, the shift from agriculture to services and balanced aggregate growth. We find support for the model's predictions in long-run US data.hours of work, labour supply, structural transformation, home production,marketization, balanced growth

Glassy dynamics in mono-, di-, and tri-propylene glycol: From the alpha- to the fast beta-relaxation

We present a thorough characterization of the glassy dynamics of three propylene glycols (mono-, di- and trimer) by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. By covering a frequency range of more than 15 decades, we have access to the entire variety of dynamic processes typical for glassy dynamics. These results add three more molecular glass formers to the sparse list of materials for which real broadband spectra, including the region of the fast beta-process, are available. Some first analyses of the various observed dynamic processes are provided

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy on benzophenone: alpha relaxation, beta relaxation, and mode coupling theory

We have performed a detailed dielectric investigation of the relaxational dynamics of glass-forming benzophenone. Our measurements cover a broad frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 120 GHz and temperatures from far below the glass temperature well up into the region of the small-viscosity liquid. With respect to the alpha relaxation this material can be characterized as a typical molecular glass former with rather high fragility. A good agreement of the alpha relaxation behavior with the predictions of the mode coupling theory of the glass transition is stated. In addition, at temperatures below and in the vicinity of Tg we detect a well-pronounced beta relaxation of Johari-Goldstein type, which with increasing temperature develops into an excess wing. We compare our results to literature data from optical Kerr effect and depolarized light scattering experiments, where an excess-wing like feature was observed in the 1 - 100 GHz region. We address the question if the Cole-Cole peak, which was invoked to describe the optical Kerr effect data within the framework of the mode coupling theory, has any relation to the canonical beta relaxation detected by dielectric spectroscopy.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures; revised version with new Fig. 5 and some smaller changes according to referees' demand

Developing an e-logistics system : a case study

Author name used in this publication: E. W. T. NgaiAuthor name used in this publication: T. C. E. Cheng2007-2008 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Invariance of the Local Segmental Relaxation Dispersion in Polycyclohexylmethacrylate / Poly-alpha-Methylstyrene Blends

Dielectric spectroscopy was carried out on polycyclohexylmethacrylate (PCHMA) and its blend with poly-alpha-methylstyrene (PaMS) as a function of temperature and pressure. When measured at conditions whereby the local segmental relaxation time for the PCHMA was constant, the dispersion in the loss spectra had a fixed shape; that is, the relaxation time determines the breadth of the relaxation time distribution, independently of T and P. This result is known for neat materials and could be observed for the blend herein due to the nonpolar character of the PaMS and the degree of thermodynamic miscibility of the blend.Comment: 13 pages 5 figure