Concentration-dependent effects of sodium cholate and deoxycholate bile salts on breast cancer cells proliferation and survival

Bile acids (BAs) are bioactive molecules that have potential therapeutic interest and their derived salts are used in several pharmaceutical systems. BAs have been associated with tumorigenesis of several tissues including the mammary tissue. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize their effects on cancer cells. The objective of this work was to analyse the molecular and cellular effects of the bile salts sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate on epithelial breast cancer cell lines. Bile salts (BSs) effects over breast cancer cells viability and proliferation were assessed by MTS and BrdU assays, respectively. Activation of cell signaling mediators was determined by immunobloting. Microscopy was used to analyze cell migration, and cellular and nuclear morphology. Interference of membrane fluidity was studied by generalized polarization and fluorescence anisotropy. BSs preparations were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate had dual effects on cell viability, increasing it at the lower concentrations assessed and decreasing it at the highest ones. The increase of cell viability was associated with the promotion of AKT phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression. High concentrations of bile salts induced apoptosis as well as sustained activation of p38 and AKT. In addition, they affected cell membrane fluidity but not significant effects on cell migration were observed. In conclusion, bile salts have concentration-dependent effects on breast cancer cells, promoting cell proliferation at physiological levels and being cytotoxic at supraphysiological ones. Their effects were associated with the activation of kinases involved in cell signalling.Fil: Gándola, Yamila Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Camila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Bojorge, Mariana Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Luschnat, Tania T.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Moretton, Marcela Analía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Chiapetta, Diego A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Verstraeten, Sandra Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentin

Reaction of rat connective tissue to mineral trioxide aggregate and diaket

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to compare the reaction of rat connective tissue to two root-end filling materials: white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA) and Diaket.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Each of the materials was placed in dentine tubes and implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal connective tissue of 21 Wistar albino rats. Tissue biopsies were collected 7, 30, and 60 days after the implantation procedure. The specimens were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined microscopically. After determining inflammatory cell numbers in sections from each specimen, inflammatory reaction scores were defined as follows: 0; no or few inflammatory cells (no reaction), 1; less than 25 cells (mild reaction), 2; 25 to 125 cells, (moderate reaction), and 3; 125 or more cells (severe reaction). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were statistically significant differences in the median inflammatory cell numbers throughout the three test periods, with the most severe degree of inflammation observed at the one-week period. Few cases of necrosis were observed with WMTA. Diaket exhibited the most severe degree of inflammation and necrosis. After 30 days, both materials provoked moderate inflammatory reaction. The eight-week period showed the least severe degree of inflammation in all groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It was concluded that WMTA exhibits a more favourable tissue response compared with Diaket which induced more severe inflammatory reaction than WMTA and the control.</p

The influence of light on the gas sensitive properties of microstructured metal oxide thin films

Metal oxide gas sensors are widely used for different applications and operate normally at high temperatures between 300°C and 600°C. Such high temperatures are mainly needed to speed up the desorption of molecules from the gas sensor surface. Goal of the reported investigations is the reduction of the operating temperatures of such devices by the influence of radiation on the gas adsorption/desorption process. Therefore, the influences of radiation on the gas sensing mechanisms at surfaces of different metal oxides (SnO 2, ZnO, WO 3 and Cr 2-x Ti x O 3+z) have been studied for different wavelengths. The experiments were carried out at an operating temperature of 130°C as well as at room temperature. As radiation sources LEDs emitting at different wavelength were used. The sensor response to NO 2, CO, NH 3 and H 2 has been measured with and without illumination. The investigations have shown that light mainly influences the photo-activation of electron-hole pairs, which results in an increasing of the electrical conductivity of the illuminated metal oxide. The observed influences of photoadsorption and photocatalytic effects are small compared to the photoelectric effect. Only a weak increase of the NO 2 sensitivity during illumination has been measured

Effect of presence of gluten and spreads on the oral processing behavior of breads

Little is known about the oral processing behavior of gluten-free (GF) products. This study investigated the oral processing behavior of one commercial GF bread and one gluten-containing (GC) equivalent with and without spreads. Oral processing parameters were determined through video recording and the predominant texture attributes were accessed using a check-all-that-apply test. The GF bread was perceived crumbly, dry and sandy and had a longer eating duration than the GC bread, which was perceived soft, spongy, pasty and sticky. Results suggest that the structure of the GF bread was easily fragmented during mastication and a longer period in the mouth was required to prepare a cohesive bolus for swallowing. The addition of spreads increased softness perception but did not affect chewing behavior. Oral processing behavior of GF products should be further investigated to understand how eating rate, satiation responses and food intake can be modulated in GF products

Micromachined multicavity grey body emitter for the use in MIR spectroscopic systems

A grey body emitter based on a microcavity array with Pt-heater on the backside is presented. The microcavity array is made by electro-chemical etching of silic on. It has been shown in a previous work, that this emitter has especially in th e spectral region >8 µm significantly higher emissivity than commercial availabl e emitters. Due to the thin-film technology of MEMS-based emitters, these types can be typically operated with a maximum temperature of 700°C to 800°C. Higher t emperature causes degradation of the heater. But higher temperatures also mean a n enhancement in radiation power and thus open a wider area of application. The presented work shows a temperature enhanced thermal emitter with a ceramic heate r passivation. Short time tests show the possibility of a maximum temperature of 1000°C. The part of light emitted by the microcavities in comparison to the who le device as well as the influence of the pore size concerning the emitted spect ral range is investigated. The results are the basis for a redesign of the micro cavity array for an enhancement of the geometry tuned emissivity