A Study on Causes of Azoospermia in Urology Clinic of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences

ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Azoospermia means no sperm in semen. It may be due to hormonal imbalance, any disorder in production of sperm, or might be due to obstruction in sperm pathway from testis till ejaculatory ducts. This study was performed to determine the causes of azoospermia in infertile male, referred to Yasuj clinic of urology. Material & Methods: This study was done during more than 2 years beginning from May 2004. Patients with at least two consecutive azoospermic semen analyses were included in this study after a complete history taking, physical examination, hormonal study (FSH, LH, prolactine, testosterone), vasography, testis biopsy and genetic evaluation. Results: Among 842 infertile men,172 patients (20.4%) were azoospermic. 28 patients (16.3%) with obstructive azoospermia and 144 patients (83.7%) with non obstructive azoospermia were detected. Common causes of non obstructive azoospermia were as follow: idiopathic 68 patients (39.53%), atrophied testes 40 patients (23.25%) , sertoli cell only 34 (19.76%) patient, undescended testes 28 (16.27%) patients and post chemotherapy in 2 (1.16%) patients. Causes of obstructive azoospermia were obstruction of epididymis or vasa deferens in 24 patients (86%) and congenital bilateral agenesis of vasa deferens in 4 patients (14%). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that about 20% of infertile men are azoospermic and the most common type of azoospermia is non obstructive type

Survival Rate and its Related Factors in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: It has been noted that the myocardial infarction is an increasing episode in Islamic Republic of Iran and there are many procedures and methods which can help to reduce the number of death from this ongoing event. The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate in those patients who have had acute myocardial infarction and its association with different variables. Materials & Methods: This descriptive analytic study evaluates 111 cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted in Yasuj Imam Sajjad hospital during the year 2004 and 2005. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was completed through direct interviewing by trained personnel. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients was 57± 12 years. The mean time of having access to physician after MI was 4 ± 2.2 hours. The mean time of reaching hospital after physician order was 5 ± 4.9 hours. The mean time of hospitalization was 4 ± 1.67 days. Considering the past history of these patients revealed that 31 percent were smokers, 16 percent had the history of previous ischemic heart disease, 63 percent had hypertension, 8 percent had diabetes mellitus, 95 percent had clip I, 95 percent had no previous block, 82 percent had MI with Q wave. The survival rate in our study was found to be 0.91 in the first 10 hours, 0.847 in the first day, 0.829 in the first 28 days, 0.820 in the first third months, 0.792 in the first six months and 0.771 in the first 10 months of disease. Conclusion: The mortality rate during the first month among the patients with heart failure turned out to be higher than that of the other similar studies performed in other parts of the country however, the annual survival rate proved to be less. The most important causes of survival after the stroke are being single, smoking, fatness and angina pai