Modified LEACH – Energy Efficient Wireless Networks Communication

The final publication is available at www.springerlink.comMany algorithms and techniques were proposed to increase the efficiency of Sensor Networks. Due to high restrictions of this kind of networks, where the resources are limited, many factors may affect its work. Theses factors are: System throughput, system delay, and energy. Clustering protocols have been propose to decrease system throughput and system delay, and increase energy saving. In this paper, we propose a new technique that can be applied to sensor networks to produce high performance and stable Sensor Networks.http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-90-481-3662-9_2

Armor-LEACH for Wireless Sensor Network

© ASEE 2008The use of sensor networks is increasing day by day; which offer more research topics to be discuss and modified; one of these topics is the power consumption that has to be reduced as possible, where the resources are limited; another topic is the security level that should be offer by such kind of networks. Clustered networks have been proposed in many papers to reduce the power consumption in sensor networks. LEACH is one of the most interested techniques that offer an efficient way to minimize the power consumption in sensor networks. TCCA provides LEACH with higher performance, by applying some modification to the way LEACH works. In this paper we combine two of the most powerful proposed techniques that can be applied on LEACH to reduce the power consumption and to increase the level of security

The Role of Physical Education Cooperative Teachers During Student Teaching Field Practicum

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على الخدمات والأعمال التي يقوم بها معلمو التربية الرياضية المتعاونون لتسهيل مهام الطلبة المعلمين في مدارس التطبيق أثناء فترة التربية العملية، كما استهدفت التعرف إلى الفروق في تقييم الطلبة المعلمين لتلك التسهيلات والخدمات التي يقدمها معلمو التربية الرياضية المتعاونون بأخذ المتغيرات التالية بعين الاعتبار: الجنس، الجنسية، مستو ى التطبيق، نوع المدرسة وسنوات الخبر ة للمعلم المتعاون.واستخدم الباحث الاستبيان كوسيلة لجمع البيانات فيما يتعلق بتقييم الطلبة المعلمين للخدمات والتسهيلات التي يتلقونها من المعلمين المقيمين في مدارس التطبيق، وبعد التحقق من المعاملات العلمية للأداة تم توزيع الاستبيان على عينة قوامها (60) طالبا معلما أثناء فترة التربية العملية، وقد تم اختيار العينة بالطريقة العمدية لتشمل جميع الطلبة الذين سجلوا في مقرري التربية العملية على فصل ربيع 2000 م، وكذلك تم حصر المعلمين المتعاونين في جميع مدارس التطبيق، وبعد تفريغ البيانات تم استخدام المعالجات الإحصائية اللازمة باستخدام اختباري (ت) و (ف).وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية:1- قيم أفراد العينة التسهيلات والخدمات التي يتلقونها في مدارس التطبيق بحيث حدد مدى توزيع النسب المئوية للمتوسط بين 84.6 % و 42%.2- أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المعلمين المتعاونين تبعا لمتغيري جنسية المعلم المتعاون وعدد سنوات الخبرة في التدريس عند مستوى 0.05 حيث تلقى أفراد العينة خدمات وتسهيلات بشكل مرض.3- أظهرت النتائج تفوق معنوي في الخدمات والتسهيلات التي يقدمها المعلمون المتعاونون للطلبة المعلمين في المستوى السادس والذين يطبقون في مدارس ابتدائية في المجال الثاني المتعلق بالتهيئة لمعايشة متطلبات الحياة المهنية بالمدرسة.وخرجت الدراسة بعدة توصياته أهمها زيادة أواصر التعاون والتنسيق بين كليات ومعاهد التربية ومدارس التطبيق من خلال عقد لقاءات وندوات وورش عمل لإلقاء الضوء على دور معلم التربية الرياضية وعلاقته بتطوير أداء الطالب المعلم، وإجراء مزيد من الدراسات باتباع منهجية وصفية أو تجريبية لأجل تعميم الفائدة المرجوة على برامج التربية العملية بكافة أطرافها.The Main Purpose of this study was to identify duties that cooperative teachers in Qatari Schools provided to student-teachers. Those duties is considered of great importance in order to facilitate student-teachers' missions and tasks in the field practicum period. In additiont the study aimed at examining the significant difference of those duties and accommodations pertaining to some independent variables such as gender, nationality and level of expertise of teachers. A questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of the study and has both reliability and validity coefficients checked out. The sample of the study was (N=60) stuent - teacher chosen on purposive manner and the cooperative teachers in their schools, during spring semester 2000. Data was gathered and treated by utilizing the proper statistical techniques. The study revealed the following results : - The student - teachers conceived the duties that provided by the cooperative teachers to by satisfactorily. - No significant differencies were found between cooperative teachers duties as evaluated be student-teachers in some variables such as gender and teaching experience of cooperative teachers. The study recommended that there is such a need to have more cooperation and coordination between Qatar University and the ministery of Education to reach a real partnership

An evaluation of actual teaching practices of physical education teachers at Qatari Elementary Schools

هدفت الدراسة الى تعرف الممارسات التدريسية لمعلمي التربية الرياضية في المرحلة الابتدائية بدولةَ قطر، كما يقدرونها بأنفسهم من خلال استجابتهم على أداء الدراسة وفقا لمتغيرات كنوع المدرسة، وجنس المعلم ومؤهله العلمي وسنوات خبراته في التدريس، كما والكشف عن الفروق في تصرفات المعلمين وفقا لاستجابتهم الذاتيةَ على اداة الدراسة بمحاورها ومواقفها التدريسيةْ المختلفة، وقد تم تطوير أداة الدراسة لتشمل (١٦) موقفا تدريسيا يعكسون الممارسات التدريسية الفعليةْ، ويمثل كل موقف (٤) بدائل محتملة الحدوث متدرجة من حيث قيمها من (٤-١)، بحيث طلب من كل معلم اْن يختار بديلات الاجابة من الممارسات التي يقوم بها فعليا بعيدا عن مثالية البديل. وقد بلغت عينة الدراسة (٩٠) معلماَ ومعلمة تم اختيارهم بشكل قصدي ممن يدرسون مادة التربية الرياضية لصفوف المرحلة الابتدائيةً منهم (٥٧) معلمةْ و(٣٣) معلما. وبعد الحصول على استجاباتهم، تم تفريغ البيانات ثم وظفت الرزمة الاحصائية (SPSS) لإجراء المعالجة الاحصائية المناسبة. وأظهرت النتائج أن استجابات المعلمين على مواقف الدراسة ومحاورها كانت في معظمها إيجابية المنحى، كما وظهر هناك اْفضلية الاستجابات تعزى لنوع المدرسة لصالح معلمات المدارس النموذجية. كما ظهرت فروق دالة إحصائياً لصالح المعلمين من حملة الدبلوم العالي ومن اًصحاب الخبرة لأكثر من ١٠ سنوات. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تكريس الاهتمام ببعض المواقف التي كانت استجابات المعلمين عليها سلبية اًو غير مٌرضية مثل الأهداف التعليمية بنطاقاتها ومستوياتها المختلفة، وكذلك الآليات التقويمية الخاصة بتحديد مستوى التلاميذ مهارياً و بدنياَ في دروس التربة الرياضية.The purpose of this current study was to develop an evaluative tool to assess physical education teachers' practices in elementary schools at the state of Qatar. Self- teaching practices among teachers were of concern in order to check on any significant difference that could be encountered according to study variables being pursued. The research tool consisted of (16) items which reflected routine practices of teachers. The sample of the Study was (N=90) male and female teachers who teach physical education lessons at both model and elementary schools. (SPPS) was utilized in order to treat and analyze the data, means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentage as well as chi square, t-test and F-test were used as statistical tools. The study revealed the following results : Teachers respondents upon their practices on most items were positive and satisfactory. Female teachers responses in model schools appeared to be preferable than their counter parts in elementary schools. Statistical differences at & < 0.05 were found in most practices pertaining to teachers' qualifications, field experiences and type of school. The study recommended that there is such a need to direct more attention to conduct workshops on lesson planning, and pupils' assignments grading in physical education as a school disciplinary subject

Clustered Hierarchy in Sensor Networks: Performance and Security

Many papers have been proposed in order to increase the wireless sensor networks performance; This kind of network has limited resources, where the energy in each sensor came from a small battery that sometime is hard to be replaced or recharged. Transmission energy is the most concern part where the higher energy consumption takes place. Clustered hierarchy has been proposed in many papers; in most cases, it provides the network with better performance than other protocols. In our paper, first we discuss some of techniques, relates to this protocol, that have been proposed for energy efficiency; some of them were proposed to provide the network with more security level. Our proposal then suggests some modifications to some of these techniques to provide the network with more energy saving that should lead to high performance; also we apply our technique on an existing one that proposed to increase the security level of cluster sensor networks.http://airccse.org/journal/nsa/0709s5.pd

Preoperative prediction of the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules

Objective: This study aimed to propose a formula for predicting the biological nature of thyroid nodules, thus helping in clinical decision making and avoiding unnecessary surgery. Patients and methods: Prospective, longitudinal and observational study was conducted on 400 patients submitted to primary thyroid surgery at the Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy, between April 1st and June 30th 2008, whose clinical charts indicated gender, age, ultrasonographic findings, TSH concentrations, while not receiving thyroid hormones and whose definite histopathology report was available. Other variables recorded were: lymph node characteristics, estimated thyroid volume, thyroid functional tests, thyroglobulin, anti thyroid antibodies, calcitonin, fine needle aspiration cytology, frozen sections and vocal cord assessment through laryngoscopy.Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and logistic regression backward elimination. Results: We designed two formulas which included thyroid functional tests, calcitonin and fine needle aspiration with and without anti thyroid antibodies and demographic variables. These formulas could predict the biological nature of thyroid nodules with 92.3% sensitivity and 91.67% specificity, positive and negative predicting values of 88.5 % and 94.49%, respectively. Both formulas showed a better performance compared to fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) alone. Conclusion: We developed a formula that can predict the biological behavior of thyroid nodules in Italian patients, their applicability in other countries requires further study

Proteomic profiling of human cancer pseudopodia for the identification of anti-metastatic drug candidates

Abstract Cancer metastasis causes approximately 90% of all cancer-related death and independent of the advancement of cancer therapy, a majority of late stage patients suffers from metastatic cancer. Metastasis implies cancer cell migration and invasion throughout the body. Migration requires the formation of pseudopodia in the direction of movement, but a detailed understanding of this process and accordingly strategies of prevention remain elusive. Here, we use quantitative proteomic profiling of human cancer pseudopodia to examine this mechanisms essential to metastasis formation, and identify potential candidates for pharmacological interference with the process. We demonstrate that Prohibitins (PHBs) are significantly enriched in the pseudopodia fraction derived from cancer cells, and knockdown of PHBs, as well as their chemical inhibition through Rocaglamide (Roc-A), efficiently reduces cancer cell migration