Diagnostics microchips: detection of beta-thalassemia mutations by hybridization with an oligonucleotide array

A reliable identification of genomic heterozygous and homozygous beta- thalassemia mutations in a yes or no way was demonstrated with microchips

THE SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR DATA STREAM SCRAMBLING

Abstract. It is proposed a software package for multivariate stepwise transformation of the text flow in order to increase resistance to protect against unauthorized access, and a package to restore the converted text. The basis of the proposals: the formation of nxn-array from the elements of a data flow, preliminary transposition of the array elements to form an array, each row and each column of which includes one and one only element from each row and each column of the source array, following reading on the options selected by the user.Package for direct conversion includes: a module for forming an array from the input flow; transposition module of array elements according to the scheme of Latin squares; reading module of rows or columns of the array to one of the following algorithms: sequential reading; reading of rows or columns with even indices and then odd ones;reading the row or column with odd indices, and then the even; reading at random route, which is generated by the program; reading at the route determined by the user.Package for restoring of the original message by the inverse transform comprises: a channel array forming module from the data flow; recovery module from the channel array - the array of Latin square type; the original array module; the original message restoring module

Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems

Obtaining high-resolution information from a complex system, while maintaining the global perspective needed to understand system function, represents a key challenge in biology. Here we address this challenge with a method (termed CLARITY) for the transformation of intact tissue into a nanoporous hydrogel-hybridized form (crosslinked to a three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymers) that is fully assembled but optically transparent and macromolecule-permeable. Using mouse brains, we show intact-tissue imaging of long-range projections, local circuit wiring, cellular relationships, subcellular structures, protein complexes, nucleic acids and neurotransmitters. CLARITY also enables intact-tissue in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry with multiple rounds of staining and de-staining in non-sectioned tissue, and antibody labelling throughout the intact adult mouse brain. Finally, we show that CLARITY enables fine structural analysis of clinical samples, including non-sectioned human tissue from a neuropsychiatric-disease setting, establishing a path for the transmutation of human tissue into a stable, intact and accessible form suitable for probing structural and molecular underpinnings of physiological function and disease

An All-Atom Model of the Chromatin Fiber Containing Linker Histones Reveals a Versatile Structure Tuned by the Nucleosomal Repeat Length

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, histone proteins organize the linear genome into a functional and hierarchical architecture. In this paper, we use the crystal structures of the nucleosome core particle, B-DNA and the globular domain of H5 linker histone to build the first all-atom model of compact chromatin fibers. In this 3D jigsaw puzzle, DNA bending is achieved by solving an inverse kinematics problem. Our model is based on recent electron microscopy measurements of reconstituted fiber dimensions. Strikingly, we find that the chromatin fiber containing linker histones is a polymorphic structure. We show that different fiber conformations are obtained by tuning the linker histone orientation at the nucleosomes entry/exit according to the nucleosomal repeat length. We propose that the observed in vivo quantization of nucleosomal repeat length could reflect nature's ability to use the DNA molecule's helical geometry in order to give chromatin versatile topological and mechanical properties

Dopamine neurons modulate neural encoding and expression of depression-related behaviour

Major depression is characterized by diverse debilitating symptoms that include hopelessness and anhedonia1. Dopamine neurons involved in reward and motivation are among many neural populations that have been hypothesized to be relevant, and certain antidepressant treatments, including medications and brain stimulation therapies, can influence the complex dopamine system. Until now it has not been possible to test this hypothesis directly, even in animal models, as existing therapeutic interventions are unable to specifically target dopamine neurons. Here we investigated directly the causal contributions of defined dopamine neurons to multidimensional depression-like phenotypes induced by chronic mild stress, by integrating behavioural, pharmacological, optogenetic and electrophysiological methods in freely moving rodents. We found that bidirectional control (inhibition or excitation) of specified midbrain dopamine neurons immediately and bidirectionally modulates (induces or relieves) multiple independent depression symptoms caused by chronic stress. By probing the circuit implementation of these effects, we observed that optogenetic recruitment of these dopamine neurons potently alters the neural encoding of depression-related behaviours in the downstream nucleus accumbens of freely moving rodents, suggesting that processes affecting depression symptoms may involve alterations in the neural encoding of action in limbic circuitry

Inhibitors can arrest the membrane activity of human islet amyloid polypeptide independently of amyloid formation

AbstractHuman islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic β cells, misfolds to form amyloid deposits in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Like many amyloidogenic proteins, hIAPP is membrane-active: this may be significant in the pathogenesis of NIDDM. Non-fibrillar hIAPP induces electrical and physical breakdown in planar lipid bilayers, and IAPP inserts spontaneously into lipid monolayers, markedly increasing their surface area and producing Brewster angle microscopy reflectance changes. Congo red inhibits these activities, and they are completely arrested by rifampicin, despite continued amyloid formation. Our results support the idea that non-fibrillar IAPP is membrane-active, and may have implications for therapy and for structural studies of membrane-active amyloid

One-Pot Green Synthesis and Bioapplication ofl-Arginine-Capped Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

Water-solublel-arginine-capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a one-pot and green method. Nontoxic, renewable and inexpensive reagents including FeCl3,l-arginine, glycerol and water were chosen as raw materials. Fe3O4 nanoparticles show different dispersive states in acidic and alkaline solutions for the two distinct forms of surface bindingl-arginine. Powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to identify the structure of Fe3O4 nanocrystals. The products behave like superparamagnetism at room temperature with saturation magnetization of 49.9 emu g−1 and negligible remanence or coercivity. In the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, the anti-chloramphenicol monoclonal antibodies were connected to thel-arginine-capped magnetite nanoparticles. The as-prepared conjugates could be used in immunomagnetic assay

Молекулярно-генетические и цитогенетические характеристики спорадического рака почки: обзор литературы

To compile this literature review, we studied at least 100 publications devoted to the genetic basis of clear cell, papillary, and chromophobic sporadic kidney cancer pathogenesis. Each of them considered the role of somatic gene and chromosomal mutations in the initiation, promotion, and tumor progression of sporadic renal cell carcinoma, emphasized the importance of determining the mutagenic profile of renal cell carcinoma for the future fate of patients.Источниками для данного обзора литературы послужили не менее 100 публикаций, посвященных генетическим основам патогенеза светлоклеточного, папиллярного и хромофобного спорадического рака почки, в которых рассматривалась роль соматических генных и хромосомных мутаций в инициации, промоции и опухолевой прогрессии спорадического почечно-клеточного рака и подчеркивалась значимость определения мутагенного профиля почечно-клеточного рака для прогноза для пациентов

Оценка качества жизни пациентов после хирургического лечения рака почки

Background. Restoring the quality of life of patients to a level comparable to that of practically healthy people is the most important task of medicine in general. At this stage of development of science, the main goal in the treatment of malignant diseases remains the preservation of life. However, now in oncological practice, methods whose potential allows not only to preserve life as such, but also to ensure the high quality of this life in all its manifestations, are acquiring greater and greater significance.The objective of the study is to compare the quality of life of persons with localized kidney cancer in the early and late periods after surgical treatment by radical nephroectomy and laparoscopic resection of renal tissue.Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey using SF-36 (Short Form-36), designed for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of life associated with health.Results. The quality of life of patients with localized kidney cancer before treatment is reduced due to a number of physical and mental nature, limiting labor, domestic and social activity and causing a feeling of dissatisfaction with their lives in general. These problems are disorders of physical, social and emotional functioning, physical pain, deterioration of general and mental health, limitations of role functioning due to physical and emotional state. After surgical treatment with laparoscopic resection, complete satisfaction of patients with the quality of their life was achieved during the first 1–3 postoperative months; after radical nephroectomy – not earlier than 1–3 years.Conclusion. One of the advantages of laparoscopic resection over radical nephroectomy is a higher quality of life of patients in the early and late periods after the intervention.Введение. Восстановление качества жизни пациентов до уровня, сопоставимого с таковым у практически здоровых лиц, – важнейшая задача медицины в целом. На данном этапе развития науки основной целью при лечении злокачественных заболеваний остается сохранение жизни. Однако уже сейчас в онкологической практике все большую значимость приобретают методы, позволяющие не только сохранить жизнь, но и обеспечить высокое ее качество во всех проявлениях.Цель исследования – сравнение качества жизни пациентов с локализованным раком почки в раннем и отдаленном периодах после радикальной нефрэктомии и лапароскопической резекции ренальной ткани.Материалы и методы. Выполняли анкетирование с помощью опросника SF-36 (Short Form-36), предназначенного для комплексной оценки качества жизни, связанного с состоянием здоровья.Результаты. Качество жизни больных локализованным раком почки до начала лечения снижено за счет ряда проблем физического и ментального характера, ограничивающих трудовую, бытовую и социальную активность и вызывающих чувство неудовлетворенности своей жизнью в целом. Этими проблемами стали нарушения физического, социального и эмоционального функционирования, телесная боль, ухудшение общего и психического здоровья, ограничения ролевого функционирования, обусловленные физическим и эмоциональным состоянием. После хирургического лечения методом лапароскопической резекции почки полная удовлетворенность пациентов качеством своей жизни достигалась в течение первых 1–3 мес после операции; методом радикальной нефрэктомии – не ранее чем через 1–3 года.Заключение. Одним из преимуществ лапароскопической резекции почки перед радикальной нефрэктомией является более высокое качество жизни пациентов в раннем и отдаленном периодах после вмешательства