252 research outputs found
Theoretical and experimental investigation of the destruction of graphites in a flow of dissociated air
A method is presented for calculating the heating and erosion of blunt bodies made of graphite in a high-enthalpy flow of dissociated air, assuming chemical equilibrium on the surface and taking account of the thermal effects of combustion and sublimation of graphite. The analysis involves the use of a finite difference scheme to solve an equation of unsteady heat conduction. Attention is given to the equilibrium vaporization of C, C2 and C3 molecules. The calculations agree well with experimental data for a wide range of temperatures and stagnation pressures
ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ)
Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π°. ΠΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ½ ΡΡΠ°Π» Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄, ΡΠ°ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ Π² Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ· Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
Analysis of optical magnetoelectric effect in GaFeO_3
We study the optical absorption spectra in a polar ferrimagnet GaFeO_3. We
consider the E1, E2 and M1 processes on Fe atoms. It is shown that the
magnetoelectric effect on the absorption spectra arises from the E1-M1
interference process through the hybridization between the 4p and 3d states in
the noncentrosymmetry environment of Fe atoms. We perform a microscopic
calculation of the spectra on a cluster model of FeO_6 consisting of an
octahedron of O atoms and an Fe atom displaced from the center with reasonable
values for Coulomb interaction and hybridization. We obtain the magnetoelectric
spectra, which depend on the direction of magnetization, as a function of
photon energy in the optical region 1.0-2.5 eV, in agreement with the
experiment.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Effect of Stress on Irradiation-induced Creep and Swelling of Fe-18Cr-10Ni-Ti Steel Pressurized Specimens Irradiated in the BOR-60 Reactor
The paper presents the data on the effect of stress of various signs on the irradiationinduced creep strain and swelling of austenitic Fe-18Cr-10Ni-Ti steel pressurized specimens. The pressurized specimens of standard and contoured geometry were irradiated in the BOR-60 reactor up to the damage dose of 90 and 36 dpa, accordingly,under various stress levels applied. Presented are the data resulted from TEM investigations of pressurized specimens performed with the use of the transmission electron microscope
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ
The arterial baroreflex mechanism as an automatic regulation system with two feedback loops is investigated. The approach for the evaluation of the vascular com.ponent of the baroreflex mechanism has shown. It is also shown that baroreflex sensitivity for single and double loop feedback models has low correlation between each other.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° (ΠΠΠ ) Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΠΠ . ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ- ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π‘ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ-ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ«ΠΠΠΠ« Π Π£ΠΠ ΠΠΠ« Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠ XXI Π².
Basic regional economic integration directions contributing provision for national safety and national interests of Caspian geopolitical space states are discussed. Optimal ways to create favorable economic development pre-conditions for states of the Caspian region are defined. The influence of social and political challenges and threats on stability and state of affairs in the Caspian region as well as in the Caucasus, Persian Gulf and Central Asia is analyzed.Π Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ². ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ· Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π» Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅, Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ Π² Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ
Statistical prediction of protein structural, localization and functional properties by the analysis of its fragment mass distributions after proteolytic cleavage
Structural, localization and functional properties of unknown proteins are often being predicted from their primary polypeptide chains using sequence alignment with already characterized proteins and consequent molecular modeling. Here we suggest an approach to predict various structural and structure-associated properties of proteins directly from the mass distributions of their proteolytic cleavage fragments. For amino-acid-specific cleavages, the distributions of fragment masses are determined by the distributions of inter-amino-acid intervals in the protein, that in turn apparently reflect its structural and structure-related features. Large-scale computer simulations revealed that for transmembrane proteins, either Ξ±-helical or Ξ²-barrel secondary structure could be predicted with about 90% accuracy after thermolysin cleavage. Moreover, 3/4 intrinsically disordered proteins could be correctly distinguished from proteins with fixed three-dimensional structure belonging to all four SCOP structural classes by combining 3-4 different cleavages. Additionally, in some cases the protein cellular localization (cytosolic or membrane-associated) and its host organism (Firmicute or Proteobacteria) could be predicted with around 80% accuracy. In contrast to cytosolic proteins, for membrane-associated proteins exhibiting specific structural conformations, their monotopic or transmembrane localization and functional group (ATP-binding, transporters, sensors and so on) could be also predicted with high accuracy and particular robustness against missing cleavages
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