Place of nature in economic development

In the presence of externalities involving nature's services, individuals and communities overexploit natural capital. In other words ecological services are subsidized. This working paper proposes a mathematical model that factors in values of social and environmental costs/benefits. Nature consists of degradable resources: resource stocks are self-regenerative, but suffer from depletion or deterioration when they are over-used. Extreme poverty is frequently associated with a degraded environment. Studies confirm that the world's poorest people live in especially fragile natural environments. When policies are evaluated a social cost-benefit analysis must be included

Realizations of Real Low-Dimensional Lie Algebras

Using a new powerful technique based on the notion of megaideal, we construct a complete set of inequivalent realizations of real Lie algebras of dimension no greater than four in vector fields on a space of an arbitrary (finite) number of variables. Our classification amends and essentially generalizes earlier works on the subject. Known results on classification of low-dimensional real Lie algebras, their automorphisms, differentiations, ideals, subalgebras and realizations are reviewed.Comment: LaTeX2e, 39 pages. Essentially exetended version. Misprints in Appendix are correcte

Current approaches to quality assessment, non-clinical and clinical studies of dendritic cell vaccines in oncology

At present, personalised cellular immunotherapy is considered a promising approach to the treatment of malignant neoplasms. The effectiveness of these cellular immunotherapy methods is evaluated in the context of clinical and biological tumour characteristics and the state of the immune system of a particular patient. One of the immunotherapy options for cancer is the development of autologous dendritic cell vaccines.The aim of this study was to analyse current methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality, efficacy, and safety of dendritic cell cancer vaccines.This review describes the functional role of dendritic cells in immune response regulation. The paper presents the results of literature analysis covering current approaches to obtaining dendritic cell vaccines with specific characteristics, quality assessment, studies of the anti-tumour efficacy of cell therapy products, and the experience of conducting non-clinical and clinical studies. The review highlights specific aspects of international experience in the registration and clinical use of cell therapy products. The authors discuss methodological approaches to non-clinical studies of dendritic cell vaccines, which should aim to obtain information to select the dose, route, and mode of administration and to identify immunological markers correlating to the clinical efficacy of cell therapy products. The paper covers international experience in conducting clinical trials of dendritic cell vaccines for various malignant neoplasms. The authors propose a list of quality attributes of human somatic cell-based medicinal products for further clinical use

New Bacillus subtilis Strains as Promising Probiotics

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The properties of new B. subtilis strains GM2 and GM5, isolated from potato rhizosphere and possessing high antimicrobial activity, were studied. The potential of the strains for their use as probiotics was characterized. The strains were resistant to bile and to a wide range of the ambient pH. B. subtilis strains GM2 and GM5 possessed proteolytic and phytate-hydrolyzing activity and proved to be safe for model animals. The strains were characterized by antagonistic properties against phytopathogenic micromycetes, as well as against pathogenic and opportunistic enterobacteria. B. subtilis GM2 and GM5 were concluded to be promising strains for use as probiotics

ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПОЧВЫ НА ЯЙЦА ГЕЛЬМИНТОВ

The method of research of tests of the soil on eggs of helminths which sur- passes the method of Romanenko offered earlier in the efficiency is offered and can be used in practice and when carrying out scientific researches. This method was applied to inspection of objects of environment of Kazan city and allowed to reveal big impurity eggs of geohelminths. The developed method allowed to reveal in addition about 36 % of eggs of ascarids than on Romanenko's method that is caused by application of several components in flotation liquid: solutions of chlo- ride of zinc and sodium chloride and glycerin. Components of the flotation liquid don't break morphology of eggs of parasites and don't create difficulties with mor- phological identification of the helminthsПредложен метод исследования проб почвы на яйца гельминтов, который превосходит по своей эф- фективности предложенный ранее метод Романенко и может быть использован на практике и при проведе- нии научных исследований. Данный метод был при- менен для обследования объектов внешней среды го- рода Казани и позволил выявить большую загрязнен- ность яйцами геогельминтов. Разработанный метод позволил дополнительно выявить приблизительно 36 % яиц аскарид, чем по методу Романенко, что обу- словлено применением нескольких компонентов в флотационной жидкости: растворов хлорида цинка, хлорида натрия и глицерина. Компоненты предлагае- мой флотационной системы не нарушают морфологию яиц паразитов и не создают затруднений с морфологи- ческой идентификацией возбудител

Computation of Invariants of Lie Algebras by Means of Moving Frames

A new purely algebraic algorithm is presented for computation of invariants (generalized Casimir operators) of Lie algebras. It uses the Cartan's method of moving frames and the knowledge of the group of inner automorphisms of each Lie algebra. The algorithm is applied, in particular, to computation of invariants of real low-dimensional Lie algebras. A number of examples are calculated to illustrate its effectiveness and to make a comparison with the same cases in the literature. Bases of invariants of the real solvable Lie algebras up to dimension five, the real six-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras and the real six-dimensional solvable Lie algebras with four-dimensional nilradicals are newly calculated and listed in tables.Comment: 17 pages, extended versio

Draft genome sequence data of Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain GM, isolated from potato phyllosphere as a potential probiotic

© 2018 The Authors Here we present the morphological and physiological properties of isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain GM, its draft genome sequence as well as annotation and analysis of its genome. Initial analysis of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA gene analysis and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that the strain belongs to the species Lysinibacillus fusiformis. The 4,678,122 bp draft genome consist of 17 scaffolds encoding 4588 proteins and 137 RNAs. Annotation of the genome sequence revealed cellulase and protease encoding genes, genes of adhesion proteins and putative genes responsible for the biosynthesis of antimicrobial metabolites. The Whole Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number NTMQ00000000.1 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NZ_NTMQ00000000.1)

Block Copolymers of Ethylene Oxide and Propylene Oxide: Prospects for Medical and Pharmaceutical Application in Russia

Block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (EO/PO block copolymers) are polymeric non-ionic surfactants with a high hydrophilic–lipophilic balance also referred to as pluronics, poloxamers, or proxanols. These compounds are among the most demanded modern excipients for the production of medicines. EO/PO block copolymers are used both in the production of traditional (liquid, semi-solid, and solid) dosage forms and as part of targeted delivery systems. The extensive application of EO/PO block copolymers is due to the diverse array of their properties, including not only solubilising, emulsifying, gelling, and other effects but also thermoreversibility, which is essential for developing in situ delivery systems and 3D printing technologies.The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of EO/PO block copolymers for medicinal use and to assess the range of medicinal products approved in the Russian Federation that contain EO/PO block copolymers.This review presents an analysis of the register of poloxamer-containing medicines approved in the Russian Federation, a list of the largest manufacturers of EO/PO block copolymers in the world, and a study of the possibility to use copolymers for medical purposes. Currently, there are more than 10 chemical manufacturers producing EO/PO block copolymers for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and other industries around the world. EO/PO block copolymers are included in more than 60 medicinal products present in the Russian pharmaceutical market; this observation indicates the need to phase out the import of poloxamers

Cовременные подходы к оценке качества, проведению доклинических и клинических исследований дендритно-клеточных вакцин в онкологии

At present, personalised cellular immunotherapy is considered a promising approach to the treatment of malignant neoplasms. The effectiveness of these cellular immunotherapy methods is evaluated in the context of clinical and biological tumour characteristics and the state of the immune system of a particular patient. One of the immunotherapy options for cancer is the development of autologous dendritic cell vaccines.The aim of this study was to analyse current methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality, efficacy, and safety of dendritic cell cancer vaccines.This review describes the functional role of dendritic cells in immune response regulation. The paper presents the results of literature analysis covering current approaches to obtaining dendritic cell vaccines with specific characteristics, quality assessment, studies of the anti-tumour efficacy of cell therapy products, and the experience of conducting non-clinical and clinical studies. The review highlights specific aspects of international experience in the registration and clinical use of cell therapy products. The authors discuss methodological approaches to non-clinical studies of dendritic cell vaccines, which should aim to obtain information to select the dose, route, and mode of administration and to identify immunological markers correlating to the clinical efficacy of cell therapy products. The paper covers international experience in conducting clinical trials of dendritic cell vaccines for various malignant neoplasms. The authors propose a list of quality attributes of human somatic cell-based medicinal products for further clinical use.На сегодняшний день применение персонализированных методов клеточной иммунотерапии злокачественных новообразований рассматривается как перспективный подход к лечению опухолей, а эффективность этих методов оценивается в контексте клинико-биологических характеристик опухоли и состояния иммунной системы конкретного пациента. Одним из вариантов иммунотерапии является разработка аутологичных противоопухолевых вакцин на основе дендритных клеток.Цель работы — анализ современных методологических подходов к оценке качества, эффективности и безопасности противоопухолевых вакцин на основе дендритных клеток.В обзоре приведено описание функциональной роли дендритных клеток в регуляции иммунного ответа, а также проведен анализ данных литературы, посвященных современным подходам получения дендритно-клеточных вакцин с заданными характеристиками, оценке качества, изучению противоопухолевой эффективности клеточного препарата, а также опыту проведения доклинических и клинических исследований. Освещены специфические аспекты международного опыта регистрации и клинического применения клеточных препаратов. В обзоре обсуждены методологические подходы к проведению доклинических исследований дендритно-клеточных вакцин, которые должны быть нацелены на получение сведений для выбора дозы, обоснования пути введения, режима применения клеточных препаратов, а также идентификации иммунологических маркеров, коррелирующих с клинической эффективностью. Рассмотрен международный опыт проведения клинических исследований дендритно-клеточных вакцин при различных злокачественных новообразованиях. Предложен перечень показателей качества клеточных препаратов на основе соматических клеток человека для их дальнейшего использования в клинической практике

Laboratory, numerical and field assessment of the effectiveness of cyclic geomechanical treatment on a tournaisian carbonate reservoir

Results are discussed for evaluation of effectiveness of the cyclic geomechanical treatment (CGT) on a Tournaisian carbonate reservoir. Analysis of laboratory experiments performed according to a special program to assess permeability changes for Tournaisian samples under cyclic changes in pore pressure is presented. The main conclusion is the positive selectivity of the CGT: an increase in permeability is observed for samples saturated with hydrocarbons (kerosene) with connate water, and maximal effect is related to the tightest samples. For water-saturated samples, the permeability decreases after the CGT. Thus, the CGT improves the drainage conditions for tight oil-saturated intervals. It is also confirmed that the CGT reduces the fracturing pressure in carbonate reservoirs. Using flow simulations on detailed sector models taking into account the results of laboratory experiments, a possible increase in well productivity index after CGT with different amplitudes of pressure variation was estimated. Results of a pilot CGT study on a well operating a Tournaisian carbonate reservoir are presented, including the interpretation of production logging and well testing. The increase in the well productivity index is estimated at 44-49 % for liquid and at 21-26 % for oil, with a more uniform inflow profile after the treatment. The results of the field experiment confirm the conclusions about the mechanisms and features of the CGT obtained from laboratory studies and flow simulations