Clean visakha green visakha

Visakhapatnam is a port city on the southeast coast of India and is often called as “The Jewel of the East Coast”. With a population of 20,91,811 and occupying 681.96 sq.km(proposed), it is the second largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh and the third largest city on the east coast of India after Chennai and Kolkata. The Vizag(Visakhapatnam) Municipality was set up as early as in 1858. The Vizag Municipality was formed in order to full fill the basic infrastructural needs of the people of the city and was converted into Municipal Corporation in 1979. With the inclusion of nearby municipalities and villages, the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation was formed in the year 2005. The Public Health and Sanitation Department of GVMC is responsible for collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste generated in Visakhapatnam City. Visakhapatnam was adjudged as the 3rd Cleanest City in the Swachh Survekshan Survey 2017

Cage culture requirements - Site selection and water quality needs

Culture of fish in cage is a popular method of rearing the fish along the coastal areas. Site selection and water quality is one of the most important factors that determine the success and failures of cage culture system. It also determines the cost of production and survival of the system in the long run. Controlling water quality parameters in open water cage culture systems is an impractical; therefore, culture of any species must be established in the sites having adequate water quality and frequent exchange. Before establishing a cage culture site, it is foremost important to conduct a field survey for gaining prior knowledge on the environmental/ hydro-biological parameters of the site so as to ascertain that the water body chosen will support the increased biological demand due to cage culture activities in due course of time

Prevalence of marine litter along the Indian beaches : A preliminary account on its status and composition

Beach litter are man-made objects discarded directly or indirectly. This study brings out synoptic picture of status and composition of beach litter from 254 selected beaches along the maritime States of Peninsular coast of India as well as the Union Territories of Andaman and Lakshadweep Islands from the one time observation conducted between October 2013 and January 2014 for the first time. These beaches were classified and graded with colour codes according to the levels of beach litter. Beach litter from different maritime States and the UTs showed that Odisha coast has the lowest (0.31 g/m2) quantity and Goa coast (205.75 g/m2) the highest quantity of beach debris. Archipelagic coasts of Andamans as well as Lakshadweep recorded values higher than Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. Samples of debris collected from beaches revealed that all the items were domestic and anthropogenic discards. Plastic litters such as single use carry bags and sachets of soft drinks, edible oils, detergents, beverages, cases of cosmetics, toothpaste, PET bottles, ice cream containers etc., recorded highest mean of 25.47g/m2 from Goa coast and the lowest (0.08 g/m2) from Odisha. The relative percentage of mean values of plastic (B group) items in beach debris along the Indian coast registered highest mean percentage from Maharashtra (81 %) and the lowest mean from beaches of Andhra Pradesh (7%). The two island Union Territories registered 40% (Lakshadweep) and 47% (Andamans) of plastics over the total debris, while the national average was only 14%. Available online at: www.mbai.org.in doi: 10.6024/jmbai.2017.59.1.1953-03 Out of the total 254 beaches surveyed, 51 beaches were graded as very clean with green (<1 g/m2) colour, 122 beaches were graded as Clean and depicted by blue colour. Beaches of very clean grade (<1 g/m2) were found in Kerala (17), Maharashtra (12), Tamil Nadu (2), Andhra Pradesh (4), Odisha (7) and West Bengal (3). Whereas extremely littered beaches (>100 g/m2) were found in Karnataka (13), Goa, Gujarat, and Andaman Island. With reference to the coastal population and per capita share of beach debris, Goa registered highest values (40.97 kg/head) and the Odisha coast registered the lowest values (0.005 kg/head)

Trawl Fisheries in Andhra Pradesh: Facts and fishers insight

Along Andhra Pradesh coast, only indigenous gear operating country crafts were in vogue till the turn of 1960 and since 1964, with the advent of the Indo-Norwegian project, fishing by small mechanized fishing crafts started. Initially, Pablo type (9.14 m length; 2.14 m beam; and 40-45 HP engine) were present and within three years, two other types, namely “Royya” (9.75 -10.0 m length; 2.9 m beam; and 45-60 HP engine) and “Sorrah” (11.4 m length; 3.2 m beam; and 60-80 HP engine) with modifications in structure and engine capacity were introduced

Threatening of olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (eschscholtz, 1829) nesting ground and its populations in Kolavipalam beach, North Kerala, India

A study was carried out to explore the status of threatening olive ridley turtle nesting ground and turtle populations in the Kolavipalam area which covers Tikkoti (110 29’38.634’’ N and 750 36’54.316’’ E) to Kottapuzha estuary (110 34’12.151’’ N and 750 35’26.754’’ E) of about 8 km, Kozhikode, Kerala, India during the year 1998-99 to 2015-16. Despite the sporadic nature of sea turtles, every individual of olive ridley sea turtle nests were monitored by Theeram volunteers in Kolavipalam region, North Kerala, India from the the last two decades. From that a total of 410 olive ridley sea turtle nests have been recorded. The maximum number of sea turtles nests of 65 nos. has been recorded during the year 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 continuously. The maximum and minimum percentage of hatchlings of 89.29%, 33% observed from the year 2002-03 and 2014-15 respectively. This study will provide the baseline data on medium term status of olive ridley turtles and their nesting populations in Kolavipalam beach, Kozhikode, India

జెల్ల్లీఫిష్ వైవిద్యం మరియు ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ తీరం వెంబడి లభ్యత - జెల్ల్లీఫిష్ కాటుకు ప్రధమ చికిత్స్య చర్యలు (Jellyfish diversity and distribution along the coast of Andhra Pradesh - First aid measures of Jellyfish stings)

జెల్ల్లీఫిష్ వైవిద్యం మరియు ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ తీరం వెంబడి లభ్యత - జెల్ల్లీఫిష్ కాటుకు ప్రధమ చికిత్స్య చర్యలు (Jellyfish diversity and distribution along the coast of Andhra Pradesh - First aid measures of Jellyfish stings

Nosocomial or not? A combined epidemiological and genomic investigation to understand hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection on an elderly care ward.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has the potential to cause outbreaks in hospitals. Given the comorbid and elderly cohort of patients hospitalized, hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection is often fatal. Pathogen genome sequencing is becoming increasingly important in infection prevention and control (IPC). AIM: To inform the understanding of in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission in order to improve IPC practices and to inform the future development of virological testing for IPC. METHODS: Patients detected COVID-19 positive by polymerase chain reaction on Ward A in April and May 2020 were included with contact tracing to identify other potential cases. Genome sequencing was undertaken for a subgroup of cases. Epidemiological, genomic, and cluster analyses were performed to describe the epidemiology and to identify factors contributing to the outbreak. FINDINGS: Fourteen cases were identified on Ward A. Contact tracing identified 16 further patient cases; in addition, eight healthcare workers (HCWs) were identified as being COVID-19 positive through a round of asymptomatic testing. Genome sequencing of 16 of these cases identified viral genomes differing by two single nucleotide polymorphisms or fewer, with further cluster analysis identifying two groups of infection (a five-person group and a six-person group). CONCLUSION: Despite the temporal relationship of cases, genome sequencing identified that not all cases shared transmission events. However, 11 samples were found to be closely related and these likely represented in-hospital transmission. This included three HCWs, thereby confirming transmission between patients and HCWs.S.R. and A.B. are part-funded from Research England’s Expanding Excellence in England (E3) Fund. The sequencing costs were funded by the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium which is supported by funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) part of UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and Genome Research Limited, operating as the Wellcome Sanger Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Planktonic diversity in Indian waters

Phytoplankton is microscopic, plant-like organisms that drift in the water. These singlecelled photo synthesizers can either swim using their flagella or be carried by the currents. They are an essential part of aquatic food chains and are found in almost all bodies of water. German biologist Victor Hensen first used the term "plankton" in 1887 to describe these microorganisms

Extreme weather events in northern Indian Ocean region–An appraisal with respect to cyclones and marine heatwaves

The abnormal and accelerated warming of the atmosphere since 1950s has contributed to a significant increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events like cyclones, snow storms and droughts globally. This has caused loss of human life and property as well as adversely impacted the local biodiversity. The Northern Indian Ocean region has also experienced this phenomenon in terms of increased occurrence of cyclones and marine heatwaves. Cyclones are strong winds that spiral inward to a central low pressure core and the impacts of cyclones on marine ecosystem are manifold

Does minimizing seabed contact alleviate the impacts of bottom trawling? an experimental study on bycatch from North-Western Bay of Bengal

In light of the ecological concerns associated with bottom trawling in tropical multispecies fisheries, an attempt was undertaken to implement operational modifications in experimental trawling practices aimed at reducing bottom contact. This endeavour was pursued to investigate the resulting effects on bycatch biomass and diversity along the north-western Bay of Bengal. The average total catch rate and bycatch rate in 66 hauls from January 2017 to December 2019 were 35.46 kg/h and 9.70 kg/h respectively. Bycatch biomass was mainly contributed by Teleostei (77.90%), of which the dominant species was Equuilites lineolatus. Temporal variations in bycatch composition were recorded, and average seasonal dissimilarity ranged between 35.03% and 59.61%. Juvenile percentages varied among six commercial species from 1.42 to 28.0, and their occurrences were related to their peak spawning seasons. The trophic index of bycatch calculated was 3.65. Species diversity and richness in bycatch were higher during post-monsoon and summer seasons. Biomass and abundance plots indicated the bycatch fauna to be relatively unstressed during most seasons. Trawling marginally above the bottom had improved ecological outcomes; as evident from the decreased proportion of bycatch to total trawl catch, reduced growth overfishing from lower juvenile proportions and within optima for various diversity indicators