Embarazo por violación: la crisis múltiple

La presente investigación fue realizada por la Fundación SI MUJER de Cali, con el apoyo de COLCIENCIAS-BID, en un lapso de dieciocho meses, de los cuales catorce se concentraron en recolectar la información. El embarazo por violación es la más específica de las violencias de género y tanto aquél como sus consecuencias están poco documentadas, a pesar de su incidencia y de que la violencia contra las mujeres es una constante en nuestra civilización. Su escaso reconocimiento obedece, en parte, a que ha pasado mimetizada bajo expresiones de la cultura y del sistema patriarcal. De los innumerables impactos de la violación cuando se sobrevive a la misma, la preñez es el más crítico por las múltiples crisis que genera, ya que en momentos de gran fragilidad emocional le exige a la víctima tomar decisiones difíciles que repercuten en toda su vida y en la de su hijo/a. La maternidad obligada y la crianza, entregar para adopción el hijo/a o interrumpir el embarazo, están llenas de conflictos, de transgresiones, y tocan con valores, prejuicios, estigmas sociales y hasta sanciones legales para la mujer. De las 121 mujeres que constituyen la población estudiada, la mayoría son jóvenes pobres, y un 43.8% había cursado estudios primarios. El 58.7% con menos de 20 años, entre ellas 5 niñas de 11 y 12 años. El 34.7% nunca había tenido relaciones sexuales ni coitales, y 81.8% son solteras. Interrumpieron el embarazo el 63%; conservaron el hijo/a el 18%, y el 7% la/lo entregaron para adopción. El 12% usó anticoncepción de emergencia tras la violación. Los resultados, aunque no permiten hablar de incidencia o representatividad, ilustran la dimensión humana del fenómeno así como los mínimos recursos estatales (policiales, judiciales, de salud), sociales y familiares, para prevenir y tratar el embarazo por violación. A su vez, constituyen un referente inicial para el estudio del tema que no ha sido investigado de manera específica en la región

A cooperative interaction between LPHN3 and 11q doubles the risk for ADHD

In previous studies of a genetic isolate, we identified significant linkage of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to 4q, 5q, 8q, 11q and 17p. The existence of unique large size families linked to multiple regions, and the fact that these families came from an isolated population, we hypothesized that two-locus interaction contributions to ADHD were plausible. Several analytical models converged to show significant interaction between 4q and 11q (P<1 × 10−8) and 11q and 17p (P<1 × 10−6). As we have identified that common variants of the LPHN3 gene were responsible for the 4q linkage signal, we focused on 4q–11q interaction to determine that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) harbored in the LPHN3 gene interact with SNPs spanning the 11q region that contains DRD2 and NCAM1 genes, to double the risk of developing ADHD. This interaction not only explains genetic effects much better than taking each of these loci effects by separated but also differences in brain metabolism as depicted by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and pharmacogenetic response to stimulant medication. These findings not only add information about how high order genetic interactions might be implicated in conferring susceptibility to develop ADHD but also show that future studies of the effects of genetic interactions on ADHD clinical information will help to shape predictive models of individual outcome

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Scientific literature analysis on sustainability with the implication of open innovation

Studies related to sustainability have been performed extensively around the world to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social impact of practices that meet the current and future needs of society. Based on the Scopus database, this study presents a bibliometric analysis for the long, medium, and short term to represent the characteristics of publications related to sustainability, identify research trends and thematic areas with a promising future in research. The analysis covers the following topics: general statistical description, most addressed thematic areas in sustainability, the geographical distribution of sustainability publications, and most influential and cited journals, authors, and articles. The results show sustainability prevails in areas like Engineering, Energy, Environmental Science, and Business, Management, and Accounting, and the publication rate in this field has increased exponentially in the last 10 years. This study also shows that the most productive journals in sustainability research are Sustainability Switzerland and Journal of Cleaner Production, focusing on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary topics. Likewise, the critical issues of sustainability research are related to sustainable development, humans, environmental sustainability, climate change, decision-making, and environmental impact. As sustainability with open innovation represents a topic with an increasing number of publications, future research can be oriented toward this topic. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Evaluation of sustainable development in the sub-regions of Antioquia (Colombia) using multi-criteria composite indices: A tool for prioritizing public investment at the subnational level

This article comparatively evaluates sustainable development levels in the nine sub-regions of the department of Antioquia (Colombia), using composite indices. Given the complexity and the diversity of sustainable development aspects, a multi-criteria evaluation framework was developed and organized at different stages. These stages included defining a conceptual framework; choosing relevant indicators for evaluation; completing a multivariate analysis to reduce indicators; standardizing data; weighting indicators through the process of analytical hierarchy, and finally, aggregating the indicators. The results indicate that the Aburra Valley and East sub-regions are at the stable sustainable development level (medium-high); the West, North, Southwest, Middle Magdalena, Northeast, and Uraba sub-regions are at the unstable sustainable development level (medium-medium); and Low Cauca is at the unstable level (medium-low), which gives the true picture of the disparity between the sub-regions. The disaggregated results allowed us to identify public investment priorities for each of the sub-regions studied. Thus, the use of composite indices is presented as a high-level technical tool that supports governmental decision-making at a subnational level. © 2019 Elsevier B.V