894 research outputs found
Towards precise predictions for Higgs-boson production in the MSSM
We study the production of scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons via gluon
fusion and bottom-quark annihilation in the MSSM. Relying on the NNLO-QCD
calculation implemented in the public code SusHi, we provide precise
predictions for the Higgs-production cross section in six benchmark scenarios
compatible with the LHC searches. We also provide a detailed discussion of the
sources of theoretical uncertainty in our calculation. We examine the
dependence of the cross section on the renormalization and factorization
scales, on the precise definition of the Higgs-bottom coupling and on the
choice of PDFs, as well as the uncertainties associated to our incomplete
knowledge of the SUSY contributions through NNLO. In particular, a potentially
large uncertainty originates from uncomputed higher-order QCD corrections to
the bottom-quark contributions to gluon fusion.Comment: 62 pages, 24 pdf figures; v2: minor clarifications, improved plot
quality, matches published versio
Exploiting jet binning to identify the initial state of high-mass resonances
If a new high-mass resonance is discovered at the Large Hadron Collider,
model-independent techniques to identify the production mechanism will be
crucial to understand its nature and effective couplings to Standard Model
particles. We present a powerful and model-independent method to infer the
initial state in the production of any high-mass color-singlet system by using
a tight veto on accompanying hadronic jets to divide the data into two mutually
exclusive event samples (jet bins). For a resonance of several hundred GeV, the
jet binning cut needed to discriminate quark and gluon initial states is in the
experimentally accessible range of several tens of GeV. It also yields
comparable cross sections for both bins, making this method viable already with
the small event samples available shortly after a discovery. Theoretically, the
method is made feasible by utilizing an effective field theory setup to compute
the jet cut dependence precisely and model independently and to systematically
control all sources of theoretical uncertainties in the jet binning, as well as
their correlations. We use a 750 GeV scalar resonance as an example to
demonstrate the viability of our method.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, v2: journal versio
Effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on attack frequency over time and response rates in patients with chronic cluster headache
EHMTI-0362. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation with gammacoreĀ® for prevention and acute treatment of chronic cluster headache: report from the extension phase of the preva study
Identification of Proteins Adducted by Lipid Peroxidation Products in Plasma and Modifications of Apolipoprotein A1 with a Novel Biotinylated Phospholipid Probe
Practical and clinical utility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine. A post hoc analysis of the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial
Background: The PRESTO study of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS; gammaCoreĀ®) featured key primary and secondary end points recommended by the International Headache Society to provide Class I evidence that for patients with an episodic migraine, nVNS significantly increases the probability of having mild pain or being pain-free 2 h post stimulation. Here, we examined additional data from PRESTO to provide further insights into the practical utility of nVNS by evaluating its ability to consistently deliver clinically meaningful improvements in pain intensity while reducing the need for rescue medication. Methods: Patients recorded pain intensity for treated migraine attacks on a 4-point scale. Data were examined to compare nVNS and sham with regard to the percentage of patients who benefited by at least 1 point in pain intensity. We also assessed the percentage of attacks that required rescue medication and pain-free rates stratified by pain intensity at treatment initiation. Results: A significantly higher percentage of patients who used acute nVNS treatment (n = 120) vs sham (n = 123) reported a ā„ 1-point decrease in pain intensity at 30 min (nVNS, 32.2%; sham, 18.5%; P = 0.020), 60 min (nVNS, 38.8%; sham, 24.0%; P = 0.017), and 120 min (nVNS, 46.8%; sham, 26.2%; P = 0.002) after the first attack. Similar significant results were seen when assessing the benefit in all attacks. The proportion of patients who did not require rescue medication was significantly higher with nVNS than with sham for the first attack (nVNS, 59.3%; sham, 41.9%; P = 0.013) and all attacks (nVNS, 52.3%; sham, 37.3%; P = 0.008). When initial pain intensity was mild, the percentage of patients with no pain after treatment was significantly higher with nVNS than with sham at 60 min (all attacks: nVNS, 37.0%; sham, 21.2%; P = 0.025) and 120 min (first attack: nVNS, 50.0%; sham, 25.0%; P = 0.018; all attacks: nVNS, 46.7%; sham, 30.1%; P = 0.037). Conclusions: This post hoc analysis demonstrated that acute nVNS treatment quickly and consistently reduced pain intensity while decreasing rescue medication use. These clinical benefits provide guidance in the optimal use of nVNS in everyday practice, which can potentially reduce use of acute pharmacologic medications and their associated adverse events. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02686034
Phosphotyrosine Signaling Analysis in Human Tumors Is Confounded by Systemic Ischemia-Driven Artifacts and Intra-Specimen Heterogeneity
Tumor protein phosphorylation analysis may provide insight into intracellular signaling networks underlying tumor behavior, revealing diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic information. Human tumors collected by The Cancer Genome Atlas program potentially offer the opportunity to characterize activated networks driving tumor progression, in parallel with the genetic and transcriptional landscape already documented for these tumors. However, a critical question is whether cellular signaling networks can be reliably analyzed in surgical specimens, where freezing delays and spatial sampling disparities may potentially obscure physiologic signaling. To quantify the extent of these effects, we analyzed the stability of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) sites in ovarian and colon tumors collected under conditions of controlled ischemia and in the context of defined intratumoral sampling. Cold-ischemia produced a rapid, unpredictable, and widespread impact on tumor pTyr networks within 5 minutes of resection, altering up to 50% of pTyr sites by more than 2-fold. Effects on adhesion and migration, inflammatory response, proliferation, and stress response pathways were recapitulated in both ovarian and colon tumors. In addition, sampling of spatially distinct colon tumor biopsies revealed pTyr differences as dramatic as those associated with ischemic times, despite uniform protein expression profiles. Moreover, intratumoral spatial heterogeneity and pTyr dynamic response to ischemia varied dramatically between tumors collected from different patients. Overall, these findings reveal unforeseen phosphorylation complexity, thereby increasing the difficulty of extracting physiologically relevant pTyr signaling networks from archived tissue specimens. In light of this data, prospective tumor pTyr analysis will require appropriate sampling and collection protocols to preserve in vivo signaling features.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24 CA159988
Weakly acidic, but strongly irritating: TRPA1 and the activation of nociceptors by cytoplasmic acidification
Shifting Winds: Using Ancestry DNA to Explore Multiracial Individuals\u27 Patterns of Articulating Racial Identity
This study explored how genotype information affects identification narratives of multiracial individuals. Twenty-one multiracial individuals completed individual interviews before and after receiving a DNA analysis to clarify their genetically based racial ancestry. Based on results, this article proposes patterns of articulating racial identity by multiracial individuals. Four patterns extend evolving research in multiracial identification, namely (1) the individual articulates a monoracial identity; (2) the individual articulates one identity, but this can shift in response to various conditions; (3) the individual articulates an extraracial identity, opting out of traditional categories applied to race; and (4) the person distinguishes traditional categories of race from culture and owns the two identities in different ways. Implications of these findings are discussed. First, adding new ancestry DNA information further muddles the neat categories of race, consistent with the view of race as socially constructed. Second, results emphasize the fluidity of identification for multiracial individuals. Third, DNA information challenges the neat percentages people tend to associate with their backgrounds. Particularly for younger multiracial individuals, there was less of a sense that race was a real thing and more that culture played a big part in how they saw themselves
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