Przegląd ustawodawstwa reglamentującego korzystanie z powierzchni ziemi. Zagadnienia administracyjnoprawne

Degradation of the land in various forms is one of the basic and persistent global problems. Irrational agricultural activity, deforestation, increasing industrialization and progressive urbanization lead to the loss of important functions of this natural resource. This is a serious problem throughout the European Union, as evidenced by statistical data disclosed in reports of the European Commission. Due to the failure to develop regulations at the EU level ordering the issues of protection of land surface and the fragmentary nature of binding regulations, each of the Member States, including Poland, selected legal means to achieve the assumed objectives related to both the obligation to protect the function of this resource, quality monitoring, registration pollution, or restoring utility and natural values. The aim of the conducted research was to analyze legal regulations establishing administrative law forms of rationing for the use of earth’s surface and their assessment in terms of implementing the principles of sustainable management of this resource. It should be stated that the gradually introduced instruments of land use regulation are not completely used to implement the principle of sustainable land management, although de lege ferenda would have to make an application for ensuring stable, comprehensive and coherent solutions.Degradacja powierzchni ziemi w różnych formach to jeden z podstawowych i utrzymujących się problemów globalnych. Nieracjonalna działalność rolnicza, deforestacja, coraz większe uprzemysłowienie oraz postępująca urbanizacja prowadzą do utraty ważnych funkcji tego zasobu naturalnego. Jest to poważny problem na terenie całej Unii Europejskiej, o czym świadczą dane statystyczne ujawnione w przywołanych sprawozdaniach i raportach Komisji Europejskiej. Z uwagi na fiasko opracowania regulacji na poziomie UE, porządkującej problematykę ochrony powierzchni ziemi, oraz fragmentaryczność wiążących przepisów każde z państw członkowskich, w tym Polska, dokonało doboru środków prawnych do realizacji zakładanych celów, związanych zarówno z obowiązkiem ochrony funkcji tego zasobu, monitoringu jakości, rejestracji zanieczyszczeń, jak i przywracania wartości użytkowej i przyrodniczej. Celem prowadzonych badań była analiza regulacji prawnych ustanawiających administracyjne formy reglamentacji korzystania z powierzchni ziemi oraz ich ocena dokonana pod kątem implementacji zasad zrównoważonego gospodarowania tym zasobem. Reasumując, należy stwierdzić, że wprowadzane stopniowo instrumenty reglamentacji korzystania z powierzchni ziemi nie do końca służą wdrożeniu zasady zrównoważonego gospodarowania powierzchnią ziemi, chociaż de lege ferenda należałoby wnioskować o zapewnienie stabilności, kompleksowości i spójności wprowadzanych rozwiązań

Split median nerve. A report of two cases

Two variations of the median nerve described in the Lanz study as type 3 anomalies were found during dissection. In the first case the median nerve splits in the cubital fossa and descends through the carpal tunnel to the palm of the hand. In the second of the reported cases the median nerve splits 45 mm before entering the carpal tunnel and is accompanied by a persistent median artery. Surgeons should take such variations into consideration in order to plan surgical approaches judiciously

The therapeutic aspects of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) for cancer and their development: from nature to laboratory

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors, which are widely distributed in mammalian tissues. ECS regulates various cardiovascular, nervous, and immune system functions inside cells. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence for the use of synthetic and natural cannabinoids as potential anticancer agents. For instance, the CB1 and CB2 receptors are assumed to play an important role inside the endocannabinoid system. These receptors are abundantly expressed in the brain and fatty tissue of the human body. Despite recent developments in molecular biology, there is still a lack of knowledge about the distribution of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the human kidney and their role in kidney cancer. To address this gap, we explore and demonstrate the role of the endocannabinoid system in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this brief overview, we elucidate the therapeutic aspects of the endocannabinoid system for various cancers and explain how this system can be used for treating kidney cancer. Overall, this review provides new insights into cannabinoids' mechanisms of action in both in vivo and in vitro models, and focuses on recent discoveries in the field

High Temperature Oxidized SnO 2

Undoped and Sb-doped tin oxide films were prepared by d.c. reactive ion sputtering in an argon atmosphere with oxygen partial pressures ranging from 0 to 50%. The films were anneled in oxygen in the temperature range 360 - 893℃. The effect of thermal annealing on the changes in electrical and structural properties is described

Topological quantum D-branes and wild embeddings from exotic smooth R^4

This is the next step of uncovering the relation between string theory and exotic smooth R^4. Exotic smoothness of R^4 is correlated with D6 brane charges in IIA string theory. We construct wild embeddings of spheres and relate them to a class of topological quantum Dp-branes as well to KK theory. These branes emerge when there are non-trivial NS-NS H-fluxes where the topological classes are determined by wild embeddings S^2 -> S^3. Then wild embeddings of higher dimensional $p$-complexes into S^n correspond to Dp-branes. These wild embeddings as constructed by using gropes are basic objects to understand exotic smoothness as well Casson handles. Next we build C*-algebras corresponding to the embeddings. Finally we consider topological quantum D-branes as those which emerge from wild embeddings in question. We construct an action for these quantum D-branes and show that the classical limit agrees with the Born-Infeld action such that flat branes = usual embeddings.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur