Kecernaan in vitro pakan broiler yang mengandung level asam laurat dan serat kasar berbeda

Penelitian kecernaan mengunakan metode in vitro dengan pakan yang mengandung level asam laurat dan serat kasar berbeda untuk mengukur tingkat kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik pakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 3x2x4. Faktor A adalah level asam laurat yaitu A1 = 1,3%; A2 = 1,95%; dan A3 = 2,6%. Faktor B adalah level serat kasar yaitu B1 = 6% dan B2 = 8%. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diukur adalah kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik tahap 2 (pepsin digestibility), serta kadar air dan kadar abu pakan. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering (36,48% - 41,87%) dan kecernaan bahan organik (33,21% - 38,69%) serta kadar air (11,98% - 13,66%) dan kadar abu pakan (8,09% - 11,30%). Peningkatan pemberian level asam laurat memberikan tingkat kecernaan yang lebih baik ini disebabkan karena mempunyai bobot molekul yang lebih kecil sehingga tidak diperlukan energi yang tinggi dan hanya membutuhkan sedikit enzim untuk memecah lemak tersebut menjadi bentuk yang siap diserap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan yang telah dilakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan penggunaan 2,6% level asam laurat dan 6% serat kasar memberikan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik secara in vitro yang lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Asam laurat, serat kasar, kecernaa

Surface acoustic wave/silicon monolithic sensor/processor

A new technique for sputter deposition of piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) is described. An argon-ion milling system was converted to sputter zinc oxide films in an oxygen atmosphere using a pure zinc oxide target. Piezoelectric films were grown on silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide overlayed with gold. The sputtered films were evaluated using surface acoustic wave measurements, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and resistivity measurements. The effect of the sputtering conditions on the film quality and the result of post-deposition annealing are discussed. The application of these films to the generation of surface acoustic waves is also discussed

Surface acoustic waves/silicon monolithic sensor processor

Progress is reported in the creation of a two dimensional Fourier transformer for optical images based on the zinc oxide on silicon technology. The sputtering of zinc oxide films using a micro etch system and the possibility of a spray-on technique based on zinc chloride dissolved in alcohol solution are discussed. Refinements to techniques for making platinum silicide Schottky barrier junctions essential for constructing the ultimate convolver structure are described

Ipteks Penerbitan Surat Permintaan Penjelasan Atas Data dan atau Keterangan (Sp2dk) oleh Account Representative di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Manado

Tax has great contribution on the development in Indonesia. Therefore, the supervision for tax obligation fulfillment is a must. In fulfilling their tax obligation, taxpayers are supervised by Account Representative to ensure they are obedient in paying taxes. One way for Account Representative to supervise taxpayers is by issuing SP2DK. Account Representative will conduct analysis on taxpayer\u27s data and clarification. The authority expects that an effective issuance of SP2DK will increase the tax revenue of KPP Pratama Manado. Unfortunately, in its practice there are still factors that obstruct the issuance process of SP2DK and the tax revenue realization after SP2DK is issued. Due to these facts, Account Representative is required to have good knowledge and skill in analyzing and comparing the data from taxpayer to maximize tax revenue from SP2DK issuance

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DAUN MURBEI (Morus alba) SEGAR SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS BROILER

THE EFFECT OF FRESH MURBEI (Morus alba ) LEAF INCLUSION IN THE DIETS ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of inclusion of fresh Murbey leaf (Morus alba) substituting part of diets on broiler chicken performance. Sixty broiler chicken aged 3 weeks were used in the present study. The dietary treatments were in Completely Randomized Design arrangement with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments were fresh Murbey leaf (Morus alba) with several levels of inclusion in the diets    (R0 = 0%, R1 = 2%, R2 = 4%, dan  R3 = 6%). Parameters measured were: daily feed consumption, daily gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). All data was submitted to the ANOVA procedure for completely randomized design. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Tukey's significant difference test was used to compare means. Research results showed that treatments gave a significant effect on parameters measured. The inclusion of fresh Murbey leaf   (Morus alba) of up to 6% in the diets significantly (P < 0.05) increased daily feed consumption, but significantly (P < 0.05) decreased daily gain, and significantly (P < 0.05) increased feed conversion ratio of brolier chicken in this experiment. It can be concluded that the inclusion of fresh Murbey leaf (Morus alba) of up to 4% in the diets gave the best broiler performance. Key words: Fresh Murbei (Morus alba), Daily feed consumption, Daily gain, Feed conversion ratio, Broiler performanc

PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN TEPUNG MAGGOT (Hermetia illucens) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS BROILER

ABSTRACT EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF FISH MEAL WITH MAGGOT (Hermetia illucens) IN THE DIETS ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE. Maggots (maggot meal) have been widely studied as a good alternative to fish meal in broiler chicken and pigs. The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of substituting fish meal with maggot (Hermetia illucens) meal in the diets on feed efficiency of broiler chicken. Eighty day old chicks (DOC) broiler chicks were placed in battery cages and were assigned to each dietary treatment (5 treatments) which was replicated four times in a completely randomized design (CRD) arrangement anddatawere all submitted to the ANOVA procedure. Differences were considered significant at P< 0.05.  Diets were formulated to meet or exceed starter and finisher broiler requirements as recommended by NRC (1994). Treatment diets were formulated as follow: R0 =  100.0% fish meal (15.0% in the diet) + 0% maggot meal (0% in the diet); R1 =  75% fish meal (11.25% in the diet) + 25.0% maggot meal (3.75% in the diet); R2 = 50.0% fish meal (7.5% in the diet) + 50.0% maggot meal (7.5% in the diet); R3 = 25.0% fish meal (3.75% in the diet) + 75.0% maggot meal (11.25% in the diet); and R4 = 0% fish meal (0% in the diet) +100.0% maggot meal (15.0% in the diet). Parameters measured were: feed consumption, daily gain, and feed efficiency ratio. Research results showed that feed consumption, daily gain, and feed efficiency ratio of starter and finisher broiler chicks in the present study were significantly decreased as maggot meal substituted fish meal at the level of 100% or 15.0% in the diet (R4). It can be concluded that maggot (Hermetia illucens) mealcould replace fish meal up to 75.0% or 11,25% in the diet without any negative effects on feed efficiency ratio of broiler chicken. Keywords: Fish meal, Maggot (Hermetia illucens) meal, Broiler chicken, Feed efficiency rati