Assessment of Energy-Related Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Russia

Russia is a substantial emitter of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The energy sector is responsible for the major part of this emission. Official National Communications of Russia seem to present incomplete and out of date estimates of energy-related GHG emissions. The objective of this work is to present alternative assessments of the emissions of the Kyoto GHGs from the energy sector of Russia in 1990-2000 challenging the official estimates. The work focuses on inventory of emissions of multiple GHGs from combustion of fuels using IPCC methodology and estimation of CO2 emissions from regions of the Russian Federation in 1990 and 1997. This report also gives an overview of GHG emissions in Russia and a comparison of the results from various studies in these fields

Elastic oscillations of water column in the 2003 Tokachi-oki tsunami source: in-situ measurements and 3-D numerical modelling

International audienceDuring the 2003 Tokachi-Oki tsunamigenic earthquake the real-time JAMSTEC observatory obtained records which provided a unique opportunity to have a look deep inside the tsunami source. Considering water column as a compressible medium we processed the bottom pressure records in order to estimate amplitude, duration and velocity of bottom displacement. Spectral analysis of the records revealed a clear manifestation of the low-frequency elastic oscillations of water column. We also presented 3-D finite-difference numerical model developed in the framework of linear potential theory of ideal compressible fluid to better understand dynamical processes in the tsunami source. The model reproduces position of the main spectral maximum rather correctly. However, due to neglecting of crust elasticity and to lack of exact knowledge of spatiotemporal laws of bottom motion, there is an essential difference between in-situ observed and computed spectra

Contribution of nonlinearity in tsunami generated by submarine earthquake

International audienceRapid co-seismic bottom displacements during strong submarine earthquake give rise to intensive low-frequency elastic oscillations of water layer. Nonlinear energy transfer from the elastic oscillations to long gravitational waves may provide an additional contribution to tsunami. The nonlinear tsunami generation mechanism is examined analytically. Finiteness of bottom elasticity is taken into account. General parameters responsible for amplitude and energy of the nonlinear contribution to tsunami wave are revealed

Coherent population trapping in ruby crystal at room temperature

Observation of coherent population trapping (CPT) at ground-state Zeeman sublevels of $Cr^{3+}$-ion in ruby is reported. The experiments are performed at room temperature by using both nanosecond optical pulses and nanosecond trains of ultrashort pulses. In both cases sharp drops in the resonantly induced fluorescence are detected as the external magnetic field is varied. Theoretical analysis of CPT in a transient regime due to pulsed action of optical pulses is presented.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Protein knot server: detection of knots in protein structures

KNOTS (http://knots.mit.edu) is a web server that detects knots in protein structures. Several protein structures have been reported to contain intricate knots. The physiological role of knots and their effect on folding and evolution is an area of active research. The user submits a PDB id or uploads a 3D protein structure in PDB or mmCIF format. The current implementation of the server uses the Alexander polynomial to detect knots. The results of the analysis that are presented to the user are the location of the knot in the structure, the type of the knot and an interactive visualization of the knot. The results can also be downloaded and viewed offline. The server also maintains a regularly updated list of known knots in protein structures