Nonbipartite Dulmage-Mendelsohn Decomposition for Berge Duality

The Dulmage-Mendelsohn decomposition is a classical canonical decomposition in matching theory applicable for bipartite graphs, and is famous not only for its application in the field of matrix computation, but also for providing a prototypal structure in matroidal optimization theory. The Dulmage-Mendelsohn decomposition is stated and proved using the two color classes, and therefore generalizing this decomposition for nonbipartite graphs has been a difficult task. In this paper, we obtain a new canonical decomposition that is a generalization of the Dulmage-Mendelsohn decomposition for arbitrary graphs, using a recently introduced tool in matching theory, the basilica decomposition. Our result enables us to understand all known canonical decompositions in a unified way. Furthermore, we apply our result to derive a new theorem regarding barriers. The duality theorem for the maximum matching problem is the celebrated Berge formula, in which dual optimizers are known as barriers. Several results regarding maximal barriers have been derived by known canonical decompositions, however no characterization has been known for general graphs. In this paper, we provide a characterization of the family of maximal barriers in general graphs, in which the known results are developed and unified

Planetary Systems in Binaries. I. Dynamical Classification

Many recent observational studies have concluded that planetary systems commonly exist in multiple-star systems. At least ~20% of the known extrasolar planetary systems are associated with one or more stellar companions. The orbits of stellar binaries hosting planetary systems are typically wider than 100 AU and often highly inclined with respect to the planetary orbits. The effect of secular perturbations from such an inclined binary orbit on a coupled system of planets, however, is little understood theoretically. In this paper we investigate various dynamical classes of double-planet systems in binaries through numerical integrations and we provide an analytic framework based on secular perturbation theories. Differential nodal precession of the planets is the key property that separates two distinct dynamical classes of multiple planets in binaries: (1) dynamically-rigid systems in which the orbital planes of planets precess in concert as if they were embedded in a rigid disk, and (2) weakly-coupled systems in which the mutual inclination angle between initially coplanar planets grows to large values on secular timescales. In the latter case, the quadrupole perturbation from the outer planet induces additional Kozai cycles and causes the orbital eccentricity of the inner planet to oscillate with large amplitudes. The cyclic angular momentum transfer from a stellar companion propagating inward through planets can significantly alter the orbital properties of the inner planet on shorter timescales. This perturbation propagation mechanism may offer important constraints on the presence of additional planets in known single-planet systems in binaries.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, to appear in Ap

Contact resistivity and current flow path at metal/graphene contact

The contact properties between metal and graphene were examined. The electrical measurement on a multiprobe device with different contact areas revealed that the current flow preferentially entered graphene at the edge of the contact metal. The analysis using the cross-bridge Kelvin structure (CBK) suggested that a transition from the edge conduction to area conduction occurred for a contact length shorter than the transfer length of ~1 micron. The contact resistivity for Ni was measured as ~5*10-6 Ohmcm2 using the CBK. A simple calculation suggests that a contact resistivity less than 10-9 Ohmcm2 is required for miniaturized graphene field effect transistors

Stephen D. Dowden and Thomas P. Quinn, eds. Tragedy and the Tragic in German Literature, Art and Thought. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2014.

Review of Stephen D. Dowden and Thomas P. Quinn, eds. Tragedy and the Tragic in German Literature, Art and Thought. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2014

Theory of Flux-Flow Resistivity near Hc2H_{c2} for s-wave Type-II Superconductors

This paper presents a microscopic calculation of the flux-flow resistivity $\rho_{f}$ for s-wave type-II superconductors with arbitrary impurity concentrations near the upper critical field $H_{c2}$. It is found that, as the mean free path $l$ becomes longer, $\rho_{f}$ increases gradually from the dirty-limit result of Thompson [Phys. Rev. B{\bf 1}, 327 (1970)] and Takayama and Ebisawa [Prog. Theor. Phys. {\bf 44}, 1450 (1970)]. The limiting behaviors suggest that $\rho_{f}(H)$ at low temperatures may change from convex downward to upward as $l$ increases, thus deviating substantially from the linear dependence $\rho_{f}\propto H/H_{c2}$ predicted by the Bardeen-Stephen theory [Phys. Rev. {\bf 140}, A1197 (1965)]

Properties of Nambu-Goldstone Bosons in a Single-Component Bose-Einstein Condensate

We theoretically study the properties of Nambu-Goldstone bosons in an interacting single-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We first point out that the proofs of Goldstone's theorem by Goldstone, et al. [Phys. Rev. {\bf 127} (1962) 965] may be relevant to distinct massless modes of the BEC: whereas the first proof deals with the poles of the single-particle Green's function $\hat{G}$, the second one concerns those of the two-particle Green's function. Thus, there may be multiple Nambu-Goldstone bosons even in the single-component BEC with broken U(1) symmetry. The second mode turns out to have an infinite lifetime in the long-wavelength limit in agreement with the conventional viewpoint. In contrast, the first mode from $\hat{G}$, i.e., the Bogoliubov mode in the weak-coupling regime, is shown to be a "bubbling" mode fluctuating temporally out of and back into the condensate. The substantial lifetime originates from an "improper" structure of the self-energy inherent in the BEC, which has been overlooked so far and will be elucidated here, and removes various infrared divergences pointed out previously.Comment: 9 pages, 6 gigure

Reactivity difference between protolytic forms of some macrocyclic chromium(III) complexes in ligand substitution and electron transfer processes

The review provides insight into the mechanism of ligand substitution and electron transfer (from chromium( III) to iron(III)) by comparison of the reactivity of some tetraazamacrocyclic chromium(III) complexes in the conjugate acid-base forms. Use of two geometrical isomers made possible to estimate the influence of geometry and protolytic reactions in trans and cis position towards the leaving group on the rate enhancement. Studies on the reaction rates in different media demonstrated the role played by outer sphere interactions in a monodentate ligand substitution

Demonstratives in context: Comparative handicrafts

Demonstratives (e.g., words such as this and that in English) pivot on relationships between the item being talked about, and features of the speech act situation (e.g., where the speaker and addressee are standing or looking). However, they are only rarely investigated multi-modally, in natural language contexts. This task is designed to build a video corpus of cross-linguistically comparable discourse data for the study of “deixis in action”, while simultaneously supporting the investigation of joint attention as a factor in speaker selection of demonstratives. In the task, two or more speakers are asked to discuss and evaluate a group of similar items (e.g., examples of local handicrafts, tools, produce) that are placed within a relatively defined space (e.g., on a table). The task can additionally provide material for comparison of pointing gesture practices