Estimation of accidental gaps in the data on Sample survey of marine fish landings

In sample surveys carried out to estimate the monthly marine fish landings, instances often arise when the relevant data in parts are lacking. A statistical method for the estimation of such gaps has been developed which seems to meet the requirement within limits

Monthly and Diurnal Variability of Rain Rate and Rain Attenuation during the Monsoon Period in Malaysia

Rain is the major source of attenuation for microwave propagation above 10 GHz. In tropical and equatorial regions where the rain intensity is higher, designing a terrestrial and earth-to-satellite microwave links is very critical and challenging at these frequencies. This paper presents the preliminary results of rain effects in a 23 GHz terrestrial point-to-point communication link 1.3km long. The experimental test bed had been set up at Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. In this area, a monsoon equatorial climate prevails and the rainfall rate can reach values well above 100mm/h with significant monthly and diurnal variability. Hence, it is necessary to implement a mitigation technique for maintaining an adequate radio link performance for the action of very heavy rain. Since we now know that the ULPC (Up Link Power Control) cannot guarantee the desired performance, a solution based on frequency band diversity is proposed in this paper. Here, a secondary radio link operating in a frequency not affected by rain (C band for instance) is placed parallel with the main link. Under no rain or light rain conditions, the secondary link carries without priority radio signals. When there is an outage of the main link due to rain, the secondary link assumes the priority traffic. The outcome of the research shows a solution for higher operating frequencies during rainy events

Dynamics and Long-Run Structure in U.S. Meat Demand

�Empirical analysis, based on a general dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System, shows the commonly used autoregressive and partial adjustment processes are restrictive to meal demand data. This study derives a linear specification in levels form to investigate dynamics in a general framework. Merging a long-run steady state structure with short-run dynamics results in consistent and robust long-run demand elasticities.

Intelligence in structural health monitoring of composite structures using a robust signal processing protocol

This paper reports the development of a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system for a 2-D polymeric composite T-joint, used in maritime structures. The system developed relies on the examination of the strain distribution of the structure under operational loading and passing this data through a series of in-house developed pre-processing algorithms and eventually onto an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based inference engine. This system prompted the development of sophisticated pre-processing algorithms for the strain data. Improvements of 82% or more in detection accuracy were observed when these algorithms were invoked. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was also conducted with delaminations of variable sizes at various locations in two structures, a composite beam and a T-joint. This paper focuses on a few normalization procedures that were developed to reduce the dependency of the algorithm on variables such as loading vectors. The work here also demonstrates the capability of the algorithm to detect and quantify instances when multiple damage zones are present

Problem of nonadditivity in two-way analysis of variance of data for comparing the efficiency of fishing gears

To bring out the relative efficiency of various types of fishing gears, in the analysis of catch data, a combination of Tukey's test, consequent transformation and graphical analysis for outlier elimination has been introduced, which can be advantageously used for applying ANOVA techniques, Application of these procedures to actual sets of data showed that nonadditivity in the data was caused by either the presence of outliers, or the absence of a suitable transformation or both

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO–IN VIVO PHARMACOKINETIC EVALUATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG-LOADED PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Objective: This study is to formulate Nebivolol into a Pulsatile liquid, solid composite compression coated tablet, which will delay the release of the drug in early morning hypertension conditions. Methods: The liquid, solid composite tablet was formulated and compressed with the ethylcellulose coating polymer. The percent in vitro drug release of the liquid solid composite compressed tablet was tested. Based on disintegration time and wetting time, the LCS2, LCS3, LSC6, LCS7 and LCS12 formulations were found to be the optimized solid-liquid compacts fast-dissolving core tablet formulations, which may be excellent candidates for further coating with polymer to transfer into press coated pulsatile tablet formulations. Coating the core tablet with varying ethyl cellulose concentrations resulted in five different formulations of the pulsatile press-coated tablet (CT1, CT2, CT3, CT4, CT5). In vitro drug release, in vitro release, kinetic studies, in vivo pharmacokinetic and stability tests were all performed for the prepared pulsatile press coated tablet. Results: CT3 tablets are coated with ethyl cellulose polymer, which shows maximum controlled drug release from the core tablet i.e. 96.34±1.2% at 8th h. It shows there was an efficient delay in drug release form core tablet i.e. up to 3 h, followed by the maximum amount of drug release of 96.34±2.4 at 8h. Which shows the core drug will be more efficiently protected from the gastric acid environment 1.2 pH, duodenal environment 4.0 pH and release drug only in the small intestine. Conclusion: According to the findings, CT3 Pulsatile press-coated tablet increased the bioavailability of Nebivolol by 3.11 percent

Plankton production in the Vembanad Lake and adjacent waters in relation to the environmental parameters

The Vembanad Lake and its connected backwater system around Cochin are well known as the nursery grounds for the commercially important fishery resources of this area. This account embodies the results of studies on the environmental parameters of the estuarine system around Cocb in extending over an area of 300 sq. km. Observations were made on the hydrography, primary and secondary productions. The relative influence of the environmental factors like, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients on the plankton production is interpreted from the correlation coefficient

Quantitative ecology of phytoplankton in the Cochin backwater

A one-year study on the standing crop in terms of chlorophylls, primary production and total-cell counts of four station grids has shown that there were regional and seasonal variations in the magnitude of phytoplankton production in the Cochin backwater. Statistically treated using a microcomputor, a multiple regression relationship has been established between parameters within stations. But th<^ Correlation coefBclent and Standard Regression coefficient have revealed that the plankton production and the related parameters at all the stations were independent of each other and the parameters varied from station to station. Probable reasons are briefly discussed

Dynamics and Long-run Structure in U.S. Meat Demand

Empirical analysis, based on a general dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System, shows the commonly used autoregressive and partial adjustment processes are restrictive to meat demand data. This study derives a linear specification in levels form to investigate dynamics in a general framework. Merging a long-run steady state structure with short-run dynamics results in consistent and robust long-run demand elasticities Une analyse empirique, basée sur un systéme dynamique général de demande quasi optimale, montre que les mécanismes courants d\u27ajustement autorégressif et d\u27ajustement partiel ont un effect restrictif sur l\u27évaluation des données de la demande de viande. Les auteurs proposent une spécifcation linéaire par niveaux pour examiner la dynamique du cadre général. La combinaison d\u27une structure stable de longue durée avec une dynamique de courte période a produit des élasticités cohérentes et solides de la demande à long term

Maximizing Neumann fundamental tones of triangles

We prove sharp isoperimetric inequalities for Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian on triangular domains. The first nonzero Neumann eigenvalue is shown to be maximal for the equilateral triangle among all triangles of given perimeter, and hence among all triangles of given area. Similar results are proved for the harmonic and arithmetic means of the first two nonzero eigenvalues