Artvin-Hatilla Milli Parkı, doğu ladini meşçerelerinde görülen kurumaların ekolojik açıdan irdelenmesi

Bu çalışmada Artvin-Hatilla Milli parkında görülen böcek kaynaklı kurumaların ekolojik nedenlerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla alandaki sağlıklı ve kurumuş büklerden toprak ve artım örnekleri alınarak incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucu, kuruyan ağaçların son 20 yılda artımları azalan ağaçlar olduğu belirlenmiştirIn this study, the ecelogical reasons behind the spruce-dying in Hatilla National Park were evaluated in Artvin, Turkey. Soil and ingrowth samples were taken from both healty and damaged stands. Our results showed that trees damaged by the spruce bark beetle were those having decreasing growth ring widths in last 20 years

Prediction of particle velocity caused by blasting for an infrastructure excavation covering granite bedrock

Environmental problems arising from ground vibration and air blast have been faced and discussed in various industries such as mining, construction, quarry, pipe line etc. where blasting is unavoidable and the solution methods have been sought in order to make the problems as small as possible. With increasing environmental constraints on the levels of disturbance induced by blasting operations nearby residents, there is a growing need to be able to design in cautious blasting with greater precision. Therefore, the determination of maximum amount of explosive per delay for a certain distance especially in large blasts is of great importance for the minimisation of these environmental problems, as well as the estimation of particle velocity. This paper presents the result of ground vibration measurements induced by bench blasting performed during excavation activity for construction of an organised industrial region located close to Istanbul. Within the scope of this study, in order to predict peak particle velocity level for this site that granite encountered as major rock unit, bench blasting operations were carried out and ground vibration components were measured for all blasting events. During the study 149 ground vibration data with varying blast design and charging pattern were generated. At the end of a statistical analysis of 149 data sets, an empirical relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance, which gives the 50% line and the upper bound 95% prediction limit, was established with reasonable correlation coefficient and suggested to evaluate the vibration impact both past term and future blasting operations for the current site

Analysis of parameters of ground vibration produced from bench blasting at a limestone quarry

The aim of this study is to predict peak particle velocity level at a limestone quarry located in Istanbul, Turkey. The ground vibration components were measured for 73 blast events during the bench blast optimization studies during a long period. In blasting operations; ANFO (blasting agent), gelatine dynamite (priming) and NONEL detonators (firing) were used as explosives at this site. Parameters of scaled distance (charge quantity per delay and the distance between the source and the station) were recorded carefully and the ground vibration components were measured by means of vibration monitors for every event. Then, the data pairs of scaled distance and particle velocity were analyzed. The equation of scaled distance extensively used in the literature was taken into consideration for the prediction of peak particle velocity. At the end of statistical evaluations, an empirical relationship with good correlation was established between peak particle velocity and scale distance for this site. The established relationship and the results of the study are presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Analysis of ground vibrations caused by bench blasting at Can Open-pit Lignite Mine in Turkey

The principal disturbances created by blasting in open-pit mines are vibrations, air blast and fly rock. All of these problems, under some circumstances, may cause severe damage to structures nearby and, apart from that, these can be the possible sources of permanent conflict with the inhabitants who live close to the operation. Therefore, a vibration-control study was performed in mines on the basis that prediction of ground vibration components is of great importance in minimising environmental complaints. This paper presents the results of ground-vibration measurements induced by bench blasting at Can Open-pit Lignite Mine, which is located close to the residential area of Can town. Within the scope of this study, in order to predict peak particle velocity and determine the slope of the attenuation curve for this site, ground-vibration components were measured for blast events. During the study, the parameters of scaled distance were recorded carefully, and the ground-vibration components were measured by suitable monitors for 54 blast events. At the end of the evaluation of data pairs, an empirical relationship, which gives the average line at a 95% confidence level and an upper bound 95% prediction line with a good correlation coefficient, was established and suggested for this site

Predictability of the ground vibration parameters induced by blasting during the tunneling

Although many research studies were carried out in the past to eliminate environmental issues produced from blasting, unfortunately a general approach or formula has not been established yet due to the complexity of the matter. In addition to the wave and ground motion characteristics, the complexity of blasting para meters and site factors restrict the development of a general criterion. Therefore, experimental site-specific studies should still be done for predicting and controlling the blasting effects

Modeling compatible taper and stem volume of pure Scots pine stands in Northeastern Turkey

Compatible taper and volume equations for pure and natural Scots pine stands in the northeastern part of Turkey (Ardahan Province) were developed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. Experimental data were obtained from 137 felled sample trees in different diameter and height classes. The most successful model (Jiang et al. 2005) explained 98.3% of the variance in stem diameter estimation and the RMSE, ME, MAE, AIC and BIC value obtained using this model were 1.955 cm, 0.043 cm, 1.300 cm, 9783.8 and 9812.6, respectively. Considering the criterion values of AIC, BIC and -2LnL, the model with random-effects in two parameters (b1 and b3) was the most successful for Scots pine. While the mixed model including random parameters did not completely solved the problem of the autocorrelation of errors in this study, the use of the autoregressive error structure AR(1) eliminated the autocorrelation in the residuals. In addition, the best estimation results among 20 different calibration options were obtained using the option of measuring two tree diameters at d1.30 and d5.30 with validation data. The most successful model explained 99.18% of the total variance in stem volume estimation in Scots pine

Prediction of ground vibration produced from bench blasting

In bench blast design, not only the technical and economical aspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost, but also the elimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast should be taken into consideration

Caregiver burden and perceived social support among caregivers of patients with cancer

PubMed ID: 25921137The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between caregiver burden and perceived social support among caregivers of patients with cancer. The research was conducted in a university hospital in Izmir, Turkey. Eighty patient relatives who provided care service to patients with cancer who were admitted at hematology and oncology clinics participated in the study. The findings indicated that the care burden score was mild level. The mean of the perceived social support score was 58.4±21.0 supporting the conclusion that there is a weak and negative-direct relation between caregiver and perceived social support and that as the perceived social support increased, conversely, care burden decreased

Determination of various flocculants' performance in flocculation of lignite waste pulps

In this study, the performance of the different flocculants, in the flocculation of the pulps prepared using lignite samples, has been investigated taking into consideration floc settling rate, supernatant turbidity and filtration. In the experiments, their anionic, cationic, non-ionic flocculants and mixtures have been used. For the high settling rate and low turbidity the best results have; been obtained with non-ionic flocculants. Regarding the filtration anionic flocculant has given the best result

Estimation particle velocity on the basis of blast event measurements for an infrastructure excavation located nearby Istanbul

The ground motion produced by detonation of an explosive charge is of a great importance regarding to vibration control and prevention of damages of nearby either above ground or buried structures. Therefore environmental problems arisen from ground vibration and air blast have been faced and discussed frequently in various industries such as mining, construction, quarry etc, where blasting is an unavoidable operation. Peak particle velocity together with frequency is still an important and useful predictor for design of cautious blasting in order to minimize the environmental issues. This paper presents the result of ground vibration measurements induced by bench blasting carried out at the excavation activity for construction of an organised industrial region (TOSB) located nearby Istanbul. Within the scope of this study, in order to predict peak particle velocity level for this' site that granite encountered as major rock unit, bench blasting operations were carried out and ground vibration components were measured for all blasting events, during bench blast optimisation studies over a long period. At the end of a statistical analysis of 149 data sets, an empirical relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance, which gives the 50% line and the upper bound 95% prediction limit, was established with reasonable correlation and suggested to evaluate the vibration impact both past and future blasting for this site