446 research outputs found
Relation between Stochastic Resonance and Synchronization of Passages in a Double-Well System
We calculate, numerically, the residence times (and their distribution) of a
Brownian particle in a two-well system under the action of a periodic,
saw-tooth type, external field. We define hysteresis in the system. The
hysteresis loop area is shown to be a good measure of synchronization of
passages from one well to the other. We establish connection between this
stochastic synchronization and stochastic resonance in the system.Comment: To appear in PRE May 1997, figures available on reques
Asymmetric motion in a double-well under the action of zero-mean Gaussian white noise and periodic forcing
Residence times of a particle in both the wells of a double-well system,
under the action of zero-mean Gaussian white noise and zero-averaged but
temporally asymmetric periodic forcings, are recorded in a numerical
simulation. The difference between the relative mean residence times in the two
wells shows monotonic variation as a function of asymmetry in the periodic
forcing and for a given asymmetry the difference becomes largest at an optimum
value of the noise strength. Moreover, the passages from one well to the other
become less synchronous at small noise strength as the asymmetry parameter
(defined below) differs from zero, but at relatively larger noise strengths the
passages become more synchronous with asymmetry in the field sweep. We propose
that asymmetric periodic forcing (with zero mean) could provide a simple but
sensible physical model for unidirectional motion in a symmetric periodic
system aided by a symmetric Gaussian white noise.Comment: Appeared in PRE March 1997, figures available on reques
Aperiodic tumbling of microrods advected in a microchannel flow
We report on an experimental investigation of the tumbling of microrods in
the shear flow of a microchannel (40 x 2.5 x 0.4 mm). The rods are 20 to 30
microns long and their diameters are of the order of 1 micron. Images of the
centre-of-mass motion and the orientational dynamics of the rods are recorded
using a microscope equipped with a CCD camera. A motorised microscope stage is
used to track individual rods as they move along the channel. Automated image
analysis determines the position and orientation of a tracked rods in each
video frame. We find different behaviours, depending on the particle shape, its
initial position, and orientation. First, we observe periodic as well as
aperiodic tumbling. Second, the data show that different tumbling trajectories
exhibit different sensitivities to external perturbations. These observations
can be explained by slight asymmetries of the rods. Third we observe that after
some time, initially periodic trajectories lose their phase. We attribute this
to drift of the centre of mass of the rod from one to another stream line of
the channel flow.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, as accepted for publicatio
Brownian rectifiers in the presence of temporally asymmetric unbiased forces
The efficiency of energy transduction in a temporally asymmetric rocked
ratchet is studied. Time asymmetry favours current in one direction and
suppresses it in the opposite direction due to which large efficiency ~ 50% is
readily obtained. The spatial asymmetry in the potential together with system
inhomogeneity may help in further enhancing the efficiency. Fine tuning of
system parameters considered leads to multiple current reversals even in the
adiabatic regime
Reliability of fluctuation-induced transport in a Maxwell-demon-type engine
We study the transport properties of an overdamped Brownian particle which is
simultaneously in contact with two thermal baths. The first bath is modeled by
an additive thermal noise at temperature . The second bath is associated
with a multiplicative thermal noise at temperature . The analytical
expressions for the particle velocity and diffusion constant are derived for
this system, and the reliability or coherence of transport is analyzed by means
of their ratio in terms of a dimensionless P\'{e}clet number. We find that the
transport is not very coherent, though one can get significantly higher
currents.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Online) An Open Access
ABSTRACT Wetlands of the many areas of kachchh region are reduced day to day by the natural processes as well as developmental activities and as a result the population of birds depend upon these wetlands are under threat. This paper was attempted to assess the composition of avifauna in Lakhara, a fragmented wetland inside the Kachchh Biosphere Reserve. Regular survey was made in year 2009 to observe and identifying the avifauna using standard field guide and field equipments. A total of 57 species of bird recorded during the whole survey period and their feeding and threatened status was also analyzed. A good number of birds recorded in Lakhara wetland in spite of the small area. Most of the recorded birds of this wetland were belong to the Least Concern category of IUCN red list, 2010 and Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Lakhara wetland is also proved to be an important bird area of Kachchh for conservation aspects
Energetics of rocked inhomogeneous ratchets
We study the efficiency of frictional thermal ratchets driven by finite
frequency driving force and in contact with a heat bath. The efficiency
exhibits varied behavior with driving frequency. Both nonmonotonic and
monotonic behavior have been observed. In particular the magnitude of
efficiency in finite frequency regime may be more than the efficiency in the
adiabatic regime. This is our central result for rocked ratchets. We also show
that for the simple potential we have chosen, the presence of only spatial
asymmetry (homogeneous system) or only frictional ratchet (symmetric potential
profile), the adiabatic efficiency is always more than in the nonadiabatic
case.Comment: 5 figure
Energy fluctuations in a biharmonically driven nonlinear system
We study the fluctuations of work done and dissipated heat of a Brownian
particle in a symmetric double well system. The system is driven by two
periodic input signals that rock the potential simultaneously. Confinement in
one preferred well can be achieved by modulating the relative phase between the
drives. We show that in the presence of pumping the stochastic resonance signal
is enhanced when analyzed in terms of the average work done on the system per
cycle. This is in contrast to the case when pumping is achieved by applying an
external static bias, which degrades resonance. We analyze the nature of work
and heat fluctuations and show that the steady state fluctuation theorem holds
in this system.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, revised manuscrip
Stochastic Hysteresis and Resonance in a Kinetic Ising System
We study hysteresis for a two-dimensional, spin-1/2, nearest-neighbor,
kinetic Ising ferromagnet in an oscillating field, using Monte Carlo
simulations and analytical theory. Attention is focused on small systems and
weak field amplitudes at a temperature below . For these restricted
parameters, the magnetization switches through random nucleation of a single
droplet of spins aligned with the applied field. We analyze the stochastic
hysteresis observed in this parameter regime, using time-dependent nucleation
theory and the theory of variable-rate Markov processes. The theory enables us
to accurately predict the results of extensive Monte Carlo simulations, without
the use of any adjustable parameters. The stochastic response is qualitatively
different from what is observed, either in mean-field models or in simulations
of larger spatially extended systems. We consider the frequency dependence of
the probability density for the hysteresis-loop area and show that its average
slowly crosses over to a logarithmic decay with frequency and amplitude for
asymptotically low frequencies. Both the average loop area and the
residence-time distributions for the magnetization show evidence of stochastic
resonance. We also demonstrate a connection between the residence-time
distributions and the power spectral densities of the magnetization time
series. In addition to their significance for the interpretation of recent
experiments in condensed-matter physics, including studies of switching in
ferromagnetic and ferroelectric nanoparticles and ultrathin films, our results
are relevant to the general theory of periodically driven arrays of coupled,
bistable systems with stochastic noise.Comment: 35 pages. Submitted to Phys. Rev. E Minor revisions to the text and
updated reference
Hydrodynamics of R-charged D1-branes
We study the hydrodynamic properties of strongly coupled Yang-Mills
theory of the D1-brane at finite temperature and at a non-zero density of
R-charge in the framework of gauge/gravity duality. The gravity dual
description involves a charged black hole solution of an
Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton system in 3 dimensions which is obtained by a
consistent truncation of the spinning D1-brane in 10 dimensions. We evaluate
thermal and electrical conductivity as well as the bulk viscosity as a function
of the chemical potential conjugate to the R-charges of the D1-brane. We show
that the ratio of bulk viscosity to entropy density is independent of the
chemical potential and is equal to . The thermal conductivity and bulk
viscosity obey a relationship similar to the Wiedemann-Franz law. We show that
at the boundary of thermodynamic stability, the charge diffusion mode becomes
unstable and the transport coefficients exhibit critical behaviour. Our method
for evaluating the transport coefficients relies on expressing the second order
differential equations in terms of a first order equation which dictates the
radial evolution of the transport coefficient. The radial evolution equations
can be solved exactly for the transport coefficients of our interest. We
observe that transport coefficients of the D1-brane theory are related to that
of the M2-brane by an overall proportionality constant which sets the
dimensions.Comment: 57 pages, 12 figure
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