Interactions of B = 4 Skyrmions

It is known that the interactions of single Skyrmions are asymptotically described by a Yukawa dipole potential. Less is known about the interactions of solutions of the Skyrme model with higher baryon number. In this paper, it is shown that Yukawa multipole theory can be more generally applied to Skyrmion interactions, and in particular to the long-range dominant interactions of the B = 4 solution of the Skyrme model, which models the alpha-particle. A method that gives the quadrupole nature of the interaction a more intuitive meaning in the pion field colour picture is demonstrated. Numerical methods are employed to find the precise strength of quadrupole and octupole interactions. The results are applied to the B = 8 and B = 12 solutions and to the Skyrme crystal.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figure

Limb Heaviness: A Perceptual Phenomenon Associated With Poststroke Fatigue?

Poststroke fatigue and limb heaviness are 2 perceptual problems that commonly occur after stroke. Previous work suggests that poststroke fatigue may be related to altered sensorimotor processing whereas limb heaviness is often considered an association of muscle weakness. To address the hypothesis that the perception of limb heaviness may also be a problem of altered sensorimotor control, we investigated whether it was more closely related to poststroke fatigue or muscle weakness. In 69 chronic stroke survivors, we found that those with high perceived limb heaviness (31 individuals) also reported significantly higher levels of fatigue (4.8/7) than those with no perceived limb heaviness (38 individuals, fatigue score = 2.68/7), but there was no difference in weakness between the 2 groups. This intriguing finding is discussed in relation to effort perception and sensory processing. The association between limb heaviness and poststroke fatigue and a dissociation from muscle weakness gives rise to the hypothesis that limb heaviness maybe a centrally arising sensorimotor disorder

Pengaruh Senam Diabetes Melitus Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Sanggar Senam Persadia Kabupaten Gorontalo

: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated level of blood glucose due to damage in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Control of diabetes mellitus become an important goal in controling blood sugar levels. One of the efforts to control diabetes mellitus is the diabetes mellitus gymnastics. The research objective was to determine the effect of exercise on reducing blood sugar levels. Research design is Quasi Eksperimental, consisting of 15 samples of the intervention group and 15 samples control group. Gimnastics diabetes mellitus held 3 times a week for 2 weeks, with examination of blood sugar levels pretest and posttest. Using a T-test at significance level of 95% (á 0,05). Results of the study the characteristics of the sexes are mostly women, age range 44-70 years and most education is high school level, pretest sugar levels above normal and posttest results has decreased. Conclusion of the study is that gymnastics effect on blood sugar levels of diabetes patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Suggestions research, for futher research would be to develop research by adding the variables such us diet patterns, length of study 4-6 weeks and begins with mild intensity gimnastic

Evidence that conflict regarding size of haemodynamic response to interventricular delay optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy may arise from differences in how atrioventricular delay is kept constant.

Aims: Whether adjusting interventricular (VV) delay changes haemodynamic efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is controversial, with conflicting results. This study addresses whether the convention for keeping atrioventricular (AV) delay constant during VV optimization might explain these conflicts. / Method and results: Twenty-two patients in sinus rhythm with existing CRT underwent VV optimization using non-invasive systolic blood pressure. Interventricular optimization was performed with four methods for keeping the AV delay constant: (i) atrium and left ventricle delay kept constant, (ii) atrium and right ventricle delay kept constant, (iii) time to the first-activated ventricle kept constant, and (iv) time to the second-activated ventricle kept constant. In 11 patients this was performed with AV delay of 120 ms, and in 11 at AV optimum. At AV 120 ms, time to the first ventricular lead (left or right) was the overwhelming determinant of haemodynamics (13.75 mmHg at ±80 ms, P < 0.001) with no significant effect of time to second lead (0.47 mmHg, P = 0.50), P < 0.001 for difference. At AV optimum, time to first ventricular lead again had a larger effect (5.03 mmHg, P < 0.001) than time to second (2.92 mmHg, P = 0.001), P = 0.02 for difference. / Conclusion: Time to first ventricular activation is the overwhelming determinant of circulatory function, regardless of whether this is the left or right ventricular lead. If this is kept constant, the effect of changing time to the second ventricle is small or nil, and is not beneficial. In practice, it may be advisable to leave VV delay at zero. Specifying how AV delay is kept fixed might make future VV delay research more enlightening

On Hierarchy and Equivalence of Relativistic Equations for Massive Fields

A non-canonical correspondence of the complete sets of solutions to the Dirac and Klein-Gordon free equations in Minkowski space-time is established. This allows for a novel viewpoint on the relationship of relativistic equations for different spins and on the origin of spinor transformations. In particular, starting from a solution to the Dirac equation, one obtains a chain of other solutions to both Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations. A comparison with the massless case is performed, and examples of non-trivial singular solutions are presented. A generalization to Riemannian space-time and inclusion of interactions are briefly discussed.Comment: 7 pages, twocolumn. Problem of construction the hierarchy of solutions in the massive case reformulate

Formal Analysis of Linear Control Systems using Theorem Proving

Control systems are an integral part of almost every engineering and physical system and thus their accurate analysis is of utmost importance. Traditionally, control systems are analyzed using paper-and-pencil proof and computer simulation methods, however, both of these methods cannot provide accurate analysis due to their inherent limitations. Model checking has been widely used to analyze control systems but the continuous nature of their environment and physical components cannot be truly captured by a state-transition system in this technique. To overcome these limitations, we propose to use higher-order-logic theorem proving for analyzing linear control systems based on a formalized theory of the Laplace transform method. For this purpose, we have formalized the foundations of linear control system analysis in higher-order logic so that a linear control system can be readily modeled and analyzed. The paper presents a new formalization of the Laplace transform and the formal verification of its properties that are frequently used in the transfer function based analysis to judge the frequency response, gain margin and phase margin, and stability of a linear control system. We also formalize the active realizations of various controllers, like Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional-Derivative (PD), and various active and passive compensators, like lead, lag and lag-lead. For illustration, we present a formal analysis of an unmanned free-swimming submersible vehicle using the HOL Light theorem prover.Comment: International Conference on Formal Engineering Method

Hubungan Depresi Dengan Interaksi Sosial Lanjut Usia Di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat

: The prevalence of depression in the elderly is quite high because the family left, Physical changes, and Physiology. The incidence of dementia increased more at the age of 85 years and above. The purpose of this research was to knowing the Correlation Between Depression with incident Dementia of the Elderly at BPLU Senja Cerah North Sulawesi Province. The Design of This Study used analytic observational using the approach of cross sectional a study that measured simultaneously, a moment or one time only in one time. The sample technique used Total Sampling with the number of samples as many as 39 people. The results of the statistical test of Chi square with a confidence level of 95% (α=0,05) and obtained p value 1,000 > 0,05

Hubungan Pengetahuan Pasien Tentang Terapi Infus (Intravena) Dengan Kejadian Flebitis Di Irina a Bawah Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

:Intravenous therapy used for treat various patient conditions. Phlebitis is one of many complication of intravenous therapy distribution. Purpose this study is to know relation knowledge of the patient about infusion teraphy (intravenous) with phlebitis incidence at IRINA A Bawah RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This study implemented with cross sectional method, sampling poll with total sampling. Obtained total sample is 30 peoples. Data analysis was perfomed using chi-square at the 95% significance level (α 0,05). The result of this study obtained respondents with highest result are patient with male sex (80%), age 31-40 (43,3%), education highschool (53,3%), and most of the respondents have a good knowledge about infusion therapy (76,7%) and not exposed phlebitis (80%). Result of statistic test is no relation between patient knowledge about infusion therapy with phlebitis insidence with P value=0,120> α=0,05. For nursing profesion particulary hospital nurse need to do health education to patient about infusion therapy with the complication. For the patient being on treatment infusion therapy must attention that the medical personil information to prevent the complication of the infusion therapy

Gold surfaces and nanoparticles are protected by Au(0)-thiyl species and are destroyed when Au(I)-thiolates form

The synthetic chemistry and spectroscopy of sulfur-protected gold surfaces and nanoparticles is analyzed, indicating that the electronic structure of the interface is Au(0)-thiyl, with Au(I)-thiolates identified as high-energy excited surface states. Density-functional theory indicates that it is the noble character of gold and nanoparticle surfaces that destabilizes Au(I)-thiolates. Bonding results from large van der Waals forces, influenced by covalent bonding induced through s-d hybridization and charge polarization effects that perturbatively mix in some Au(I)-thiolate character. A simple method for quantifying these contributions is presented, revealing that a driving force for nanoparticle growth is nobleization, minimizing Au(I)-thiolate involvement. Predictions that Brust-Schiffrin reactions involve thiolate anion intermediates are verified spectroscopically, establishing a key feature needed to understand nanoparticle growth. Mixing of preprepared Au(I) and thiolate reactants always produces Au(I)-thiolate thin films or compounds rather than monolayers. Smooth links to O, Se, Te, C, and N linker chemistry are established

The positive soundscape project : a synthesis of results from many disciplines

This paper takes an overall view of ongoing findings from the Positive Soundscape Project, a large inter-disciplinary soundscapes study which is nearing completion. Qualitative fieldwork (soundwalks and focus groups) and lab-based listening tests have revealed that two key dimensions of the emotional response are calmness and vibrancy. In the lab these factors explain nearly 80% of the variance in listener response. Physiological validation is being sought using fMRI measurements, and these have so far shown significant differences in the response of the brain to affective and neutral soundscapes. A conceptual framework which links the key soundscape components and which could be used for future design is outlined. Metrics are suggested for some perceptual scales and possibilities for soundscape synthesis for design and user engagement are discussed, as are the applications of the results to future research and environmental noise policy