A question of hierarchy: matter effects with atmospheric neutrinos and anti-neutrinos

It is by now established that neutrinos mix, have (different) non-zero masses, and therefore oscillate. The oscillation parameters themselves, however, are not all well-known. An open problem is that of the neutrino mass hierarchy. We study the possibility of determining the neutrino mass hierarchy with atmospheric neutrinos using an iron calorimeter detector capable of charge identification such as the proposed MONOLITH and ICAL/INO detectors. We find that such detectors are sensitive to the sign of the mass-squared difference, \delta_{32} = m_3^2 - m_2^2, provided the as-yet unknown mixing angle between the first and third generations, \theta_{13}, is greater than 6 degrees (\sin^2 2\theta_{13} > 0.04). A result with a significance greater than 90% CL requires large exposures (more than 500 kton-years) as well as good energy and angular resolution of the detected muons (better than 15%), especially for small \theta_{13}. Hence obtaining definitive results with such a detector is difficult, unless \theta_{13} turns out to be large. In contrast, such detectors can establish a clear oscillation pattern in atmospheric neutrinos in about 150 kton-years, therefore determining the absolute value of \delta_{32} and \sin^2 2 \theta_{23} to within 10%.Comment: 36 pages revtex with 14 eps figures; new section on statistical significance when detector resolution is include

Neutrino oscillation probabilities: Sensitivity to parameters

We study in detail the sensitivity of neutrino oscillation probabilities to the fundamental neutrino parameters and their possible determination through experiments. The first part of the paper is devoted to the broad theme of isolating regions in the neutrino (and anti-neutrino) energy and propagation length that are sensitive to the oscillation parameters. Such a study is relevant to neutrinos both from the Earth's atmosphere or from a neutrino factory. For completeness we discuss the sensitivity, however small, to the parameters involved in a three-generation framework, and to the Earth matter density profile. We then study processes relevant to atmospheric neutrinos which are sensitive to and allow precision measurements of the mixing angle theta_23 and mass-squared difference delta_32 apart from the mixing angle theta_13. Crucial to this analysis is charge identification; detectors having this capability can isolate these matter effects. In particular, we address the issue of using matter effects to determine whether the mixing angle theta_23 is maximal, and, if not, to explore how well its octant can be determined. When realistic detector resolutions are included, we find that deviations of about 15% (20%) from a maximal value of sin^2 theta_23=1/2 can be measured at 95% (99%) CL provided theta_13 is non-zero, sin^2 theta_13 >= 0.015, and the neutrino mass ordering is normal, with fairly large exposures of 1000 kton-years.Comment: 37 pages Latex file, 30 eps figure files; minor typos fixe

Fuzzy and IRLNC-based routing approach to improve data storage and system reliability in IoT

Internet of Things (IoT) based sensor network is largely utilized in various field for transmitting huge amount of data due to their ease and cheaper installation. While performing this entire process, there is a high possibility for data corruption in the mid of transmission. On the other hand, the network performance is also affected due to various attacks. To address these issues, an efficient algorithm that jointly offers improved data storage and reliable routing is proposed. Initially, after the deployment of sensor nodes, the election of the storage node is achieved based on a fuzzy expert system. Improved Random Linear Network Coding (IRLNC) is used to create an encoded packet. This encoded packet from the source and neighboring nodes is transmitted to the storage node. Finally, to transmit the encoded packet from the storage node to the destination shortest path is found using the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) algorithm. Experimental analysis of the proposed work is carried out by evaluating some of the statistical metrics. Average residual energy, packet delivery ratio, compression ratio and storage time achieved for the proposed work are 8.8%, 0.92%, 0.82%, and 69 s. Based on this analysis, it is revealed that better data storage system and system reliability is attained using this proposed work

QCD Working Group Report

This is the report of the QCD working group at WHEPP 6. Discussions and work on heavy ion collisions, polarised scattering, and collider phenomenology are reported.Comment: Report of the QCD group at WHEPP-6, Chennai, January 2000. 7 page

A study on prevalence of various mood disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis in South Indian population Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Background: The prevalence of depressive disorders are more common in demyelination diseases like multiple sclerosis. Patients with multiple sclerosis have higher rates of depressive episodes than the general population. It is found that 40-50% incidence reported in many number of previous research studies .The aim is to study the prevalence of various depressive disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS) patient population.Methods: 176 MS patients were randomly selected from neurology outpatient department (OPD) of Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, from September 2018 to December 2019. 128 patients were analyzed with the following methods of examinations such as the structured psychiatric clinical interview with diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)-5 and international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 criteria, Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) scale.Results: Various subtypes of mood disorders were found as follows major depressive disorder (MDD)-4%, MDD with anxiety-6%, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) mixed-4%, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)-8%, MIDD-2% and depressive disorders due to general medical conditions (secondary depression)-22%. In this present study 46% of the MS population were diagnosed with various depressive illness.Conclusions: Early identification and treatment of depressive disorders definitely favour the outcome of MS patients. The coping skills and good social support system play a vital role in the outcome of depressive disorders in MS population in addition to psychopharmacological management.

Diethyl 1-benzyl-2,2-dioxo-4-phenyl-3,4,6,7,8,8a-hexa­hydro-1H-pyrrolo­[2,1-c][1,4]thia­zine-1,3-dicarboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C26H31NO6S, the five-membered pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation and the six-membered thia­zine ring is in a distorted chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized through an inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action, generating inversion-related R 2 2(10) ring motifs

Implications of recent solar neutrino observations: an analysis of charged current data

We have analysed the recent results from the observation of charged current \nu_e d \to e^- p p events from solar neutrinos by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SNO assuming neutrino oscillations with three active flavours. The data seem to prefer a low mass-squared difference and large mixing angle solution (the so-called LOW solution) in (12) parameter space. However, when combined with the Gallium charged current interaction data from Gallex and GNO, distinct (1\sigma) allowed regions corresponding to the large mixing angle (LMA) and small mixing angle (SMA) appear while the LOW solution is disfavoured upto 3\sigma standard deviation. The physical electron neutrino survival probability corresponding to these best fit solutions are then determined and analysed for their energy dependence.Comment: 16 pages Latex file, with 5 epsf figures; one reference adde

Nuclear Structure Functions at Small x from Inelastic Shadowing and Diffraction

Nuclear structure functions at small x and small or moderate $Q^2$ are studied using the relation with diffraction on nucleons which arises from Gribov's Reggeon Calculus. A reasonable description of experimental data is obtained with no fitted parameters. A comparison with other models and predictions for future lepton-ion colliders are provided. Consequences for the reduction of multiplicities in nucleus-nucleus collisions at energies of RHIC and LHC are examined.Comment: LaTeX, 32 pages, 14 eps figures included using epsfig; 1 reference update

An experimental limit on the coupling of a light neutral pseudoscalar particle to hadrons

Detailed results of an experiment, looking for a short-lived neutral particle decaying by an e+ e- pair in the decay of the 3.68 MeV (3/2) state in 13C, whose decay is predominantly M1, are presented. An upper limit of 7×10-5 has been placed on the branching ratio for decay through such a particle with a mass in the range 1.7 to 1.9 MeV/c2. This leads to an upper limit of 10-6 for the coupling of such a particle to nucleons. Such a limit rules out the explanation of the e+ and e- peaks recently observed in heavy ion collisions, as due to the decay of a neutral particle

Discussion on a possible neutrino detector located in India

We have identified some important and worthwhile physics opportunitites with a possible neutrino detector located in India. Particular emphasis is placed on the geographical advantage with a stress on the complimentary aspects with respect to other neutrino detectors already in operation.Comment: 9 pages; arXiv copy of published proceedings contributio