Automation of data processing and calculation of retention parameters and thermodynamic data for gas chromatography

The analyses of automation patterns is performed and the programming solution for the automation of data processing of the chromatographic data and their further information storage with a help of a software package, Mathcad and MS Excel spreadsheets, is developed. The offered approach concedes the ability of data processing algorithm modification and does not require any programming experts participation. The approach provides making a measurement of the given time and retention volumes, specific retention volumes, a measurement of differential molar free adsorption energy, and a measurement of partial molar solution enthalpies and isosteric heats of adsorption. The developed solution is focused on the appliance in a small research group and is tested on the series of some new gas chromatography sorbents. More than 20 analytes were submitted to calculation of retention parameters and thermodynamic sorption quantities. The received data are provided in the form accessible to comparative analysis, and they are able to find sorbing agents with the most profitable properties to solve some concrete analytic issues

Use of silochrome with grafted layers of transition metal acetonates for sorption concentration of volatile organic substances from aqueous media

Sorbents based on silica of Silochrome S-120 brand with covalently attached layers of transition metal acetylacetonates were synthesized. The sorption properties of the resulting chelate-containing materials were studied and the analytical potential of their application for rapid sorption concentration of volatile organic compounds from water bodies was evaluated

Use of silochrome with grafted layers of transition metal acetonates for sorption concentration of volatile organic substances from aqueous media

Sorbents based on silica of Silochrome S-120 brand with covalently attached layers of transition metal acetylacetonates were synthesized. The sorption properties of the resulting chelate-containing materials were studied and the analytical potential of their application for rapid sorption concentration of volatile organic compounds from water bodies was evaluated

Analysis of oxygen-containing organic substances of natural water using solid phase extraction of distillates

Analysis of organic acids in natural water samples using by the distillation followed by the SPE procedure at Strata-X and GC-MS of trimethylsilane derivatives. Influence of distillation and elution, as well as a cartridge housing material, on the compounds recovery was discussed. Data on organic acids in some natural samples are provided

Analysis of oxygen-containing organic substances of natural water using solid phase extraction of distillates

Analysis of organic acids in natural water samples using by the distillation followed by the SPE procedure at Strata-X and GC-MS of trimethylsilane derivatives. Influence of distillation and elution, as well as a cartridge housing material, on the compounds recovery was discussed. Data on organic acids in some natural samples are provided

Liberal Order «Free Riders»: International Development Agenda and the Symbolic Policies of the Rising Powers

The West is concerned over the crisis of the liberal world order attributing it to the conduct of emerging powers, such as China, India and Russia. Are its concerns legitimate? Drawing on social identity theory, the authors analyze the emerging powers’ stances on international development through the lens of status dynamics. In particular, three issue areas are investigated: the debate over the UN development agenda, which has revealed differences between Western and non-Western approaches, the changes in the membership of donor and recipient groups over the last decade and the discourse of emerging countries concerning science and technology, which betrays their self-image of a “developed” or “laggard” state.The key finding of the paper is that the crisis of the liberal world order as a set of institutions created by the US-led countries after WWII manifests itself in the distorting symbolic exchange between developed and developing countries. The emerging states are unwilling to recognize the authority of the West and its leadership in setting the direction of global development. Meanwhile, they are trying to gain the status of development front-runners using their own foreign aid programs and science and technology development strategies. However, the rising states are not uniform and consistent in posing a symbolic challenge to the liberal order – while the Russia is striving for a “developed non-western country” status (thereby copying the USSR’s image), India and China, though to different degrees, are positioning themselves both as developed industrial states and as developing countries which receive aid packages from richer members of the international community. What leads to the distortions in this symbolic exchange is the desire of some emerging powers to use the resources of the West and reap the benefits of the world order created by it while denying it a high status. Thus, a classic economic “free-rider problem” arises in international relations: while benefiting from the liberal order created by the West, the rising states do not recognize the status it ascribes itself ignoring the symbolic hierarchy which, as viewed by western countries, underlies this order.The authors declare the absence of conflict of interest