Spin-flavor precession of Dirac neutrinos in dense matter and its potential in core-collapse supernovae

We calculate the spin-flavor precession (SFP) of Dirac neutrinos induced by strong magnetic fields and finite neutrino magnetic moments in dense matter. As found in the case of Majorana neutrinos, the SFP of Dirac neutrinos is enhanced by the large magnetic field potential and suppressed by large matter potentials composed of the baryon density and the electron fraction. The SFP is possible irrespective of the large baryon density when the electron fraction is close to 1/3. The diagonal neutrino magnetic moments that are prohibited for Majorana neutrinos enable the spin precession of Dirac neutrinos without any flavor mixing. With supernova hydrodynamics simulation data, we discuss the possibility of the SFP of both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos in core-collapse supernovae. The SFP of Dirac neutrinos occurs at a radius where the electron fraction is 1/3. The required magnetic field of the proto-neutron star for the SFP is a few $10^{14}$G at any explosion time. For the Majorana neutrinos, the required magnetic field fluctuates from $10^{13}$G to $10^{15}$G. Such a fluctuation of the magnetic field is more sensitive to the numerical scheme of the neutrino transport in the supernova simulation.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure

Bragg Scattering as a Probe of Atomic Wavefunctions and Quantum Phase Transitions in Optical Lattices

We have observed Bragg scattering of photons from quantum degenerate $^{87}$Rb atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Bragg scattered light directly probes the microscopic crystal structure and atomic wavefunction whose position and momentum width is Heisenberg-limited. The spatial coherence of the wavefunction leads to revivals in the Bragg scattered light due to the atomic Talbot effect. The decay of revivals across the superfluid to Mott insulator transition indicates the loss of superfluid coherence.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Second moment of the Husimi distribution as a measure of complexity of quantum states

We propose the second moment of the Husimi distribution as a measure of complexity of quantum states. The inverse of this quantity represents the effective volume in phase space occupied by the Husimi distribution, and has a good correspondence with chaoticity of classical system. Its properties are similar to the classical entropy proposed by Wehrl, but it is much easier to calculate numerically. We calculate this quantity in the quartic oscillator model, and show that it works well as a measure of chaoticity of quantum states.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures. to appear in PR

Critical dynamics of phase transition driven by dichotomous Markov noise

An Ising spin system under the critical temperature driven by a dichotomous Markov noise (magnetic field) with a finite correlation time is studied both numerically and theoretically. The order parameter exhibits a transition between two kinds of qualitatively different dynamics, symmetry-restoring and symmetry-breaking motions, as the noise intensity is changed. There exist regions called channels where the order parameter stays for a long time slightly above its critical noise intensity. Developing a phenomenological analysis of the dynamics, we investigate the distribution of the passage time through the channels and the power spectrum of the order parameter evolution. The results based on the phenomenological analysis turn out to be in quite good agreement with those of the numerical simulation.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure

Application of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Removal of Deep Invasive Submucosal Colon Carcinoma

Endoscopic submucosal (sm) dissection (ESD) is a recently used technique that enables en-bloc resection of large colorectal tumors allowing a more precise histopathological analysis of the resected specimen. However, it has not been widely adopted even in Japan mainly due to its technical difficulty and increased risk of perforation. Herein, we present an ESD-treated lesion with deep sm invasion removed without complications, such as bleeding or perforation, from a patient at high-risk for surgical intervention. A successful ESD was achieved although the sm invasion was greater than 1000 μm from the muscularis mucosae, and the nonlifting sign was positive. It is our belief that this procedure should be performed at least in patients at high-risk for surgical intervention. At present, we have removed 16 lesions with deep sm invasion by ESD without complications, demonstrating that deep sm cancer can be successfully resected by this technique as a local resection. Herein, we report on one of these cases

Chart Adequacy: Workshop and GEBCO Training

In July, 2015 the first NOAA Chart Adequacy Workshop was held in Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. Following a three-day workshop (14th to 16th July, 2015), four Nippon Foundation GEBCO students stayed at NOAA for an additional 10-day training at Office of Coast Survey’s Marine Chart Division. The key objective of the NOAA Chart Adequacy Workshop was to demonstrate techniques to evaluate the suitability of nautical chart products using chart quality information and publicly-available information. The attendees were cartographers, hydrographers and potential chart producers from hydrographic offices and government agencies around the world. The nations of the participants in the workshop included: Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, United States and Venezuela. Through instructor presentations and GIS laboratory exercises (provided by Dr. Shachak Pe’eri and Lt Anthony Klemm), the participants generated the key layers that are involved in the NOAA procedure. A vessel traffic layer was generated by classification of navigational routes using Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) information. A bathymetric difference layer was generated by identifying areas that showed significant bathymetric changes identified by comparing Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) or other surveys of opportunity, with the existing chart. A hydrographic characteristics layer was generated by classification of chart quality information. Chart data (including the smooth sheet sounding sets) for the procedure were provided in a vector format with the appropriate metadata according to IHO S-57. Raster Navigational Charts were also used as a background and as a reference for the Bathymetric Difference layer

Fluctuation properties of strength functions associated with giant resonances

We performed fluctuation analysis by means of the local scaling dimension for the strength function of the isoscalar (IS) and the isovector (IV) giant quadrupole resonances (GQR) in $^{40}$Ca, where the strength functions are obtained by the shell model calculation within up to the 2p2h configurations. It is found that at small energy scale, fluctuation of the strength function almost obeys the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) random matrix theory limit. On the other hand, we found a deviation from the GOE limit at the intermediate energy scale about 1.7MeV for the IS and at 0.9MeV for the IV. The results imply that different types of fluctuations coexist at different energy scales. Detailed analysis strongly suggests that GOE fluctuation at small energy scale is due to the complicated nature of 2p2h states and that fluctuation at the intermediate energy scale is associated with the spreading width of the Tamm-Dancoff 1p1h states.Comment: 14 pages including 13figure