Wave Profile for Anti-force Waves with Maximum Possible Currents

In the theoretical investigation of the electrical breakdown of a gas, we apply a one-dimensional, steady state, constant velocity, three component fluid model and consider the electrons to be the main element in propagation of the wave. The electron gas temperature, and therefore the electron gas partial pressure, is considered to be large enough to provide the driving force. The wave is considered to have a shock front, followed by a thin dynamical transition region. Our set of electron fluid-dynamical equations consists of the equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, plus the Poisson\u27s equation. The set of equations is referred to as the electron fluid dynamical equations; and a successful solution therefor must meet a set of acceptable physical conditions at the trailing edge of the wave. For breakdown waves with a significant current behind the shock front, modifications must be made to the set of electron fluid dynamical equations, as well as the shock condition on electron temperature. Considering existence of current behind the shock front, we have derived the shock condition on electron temperature, and for a set of experimentally measured wave speeds, we have been able to find maximum current values for which solutions to our set of electron velocity, electron temperature, and electron number density within the dynamical transition region of the wave

Efficient Optimal Minimum Error Discrimination of Symmetric Quantum States

This paper deals with the quantum optimal discrimination among mixed quantum states enjoying geometrical uniform symmetry with respect to a reference density operator $\rho_0$. It is well-known that the minimal error probability is given by the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) obtained as a solution of a convex optimization problem, namely a set of operators satisfying geometrical symmetry, with respect to a reference operator $\Pi_0$, and maximizing $\textrm{Tr}(\rho_0 \Pi_0)$. In this paper, by resolving the dual problem, we show that the same result is obtained by minimizing the trace of a semidefinite positive operator $X$ commuting with the symmetry operator and such that $X >= \rho_0$. The new formulation gives a deeper insight into the optimization problem and allows to obtain closed-form analytical solutions, as shown by a simple but not trivial explanatory example. Besides the theoretical interest, the result leads to semidefinite programming solutions of reduced complexity, allowing to extend the numerical performance evaluation to quantum communication systems modeled in Hilbert spaces of large dimension.Comment: 5 pages, 1 Table, no figure

Effect of stimuli-responsive nano hydrogel finishing on cotton fabric properties

Cotton fabrics have been prepared with smart properties by functional finishing with stimuli-responsive nano gel. A biopolymer (chitosan) and a synthetic polymer (poly-NiPAAm) have been used for the synthesis of nano gel through semi-batch surfactant-free dispersion polymerization (SB-SFDP) method. The incorporation of nano gel to textile fabrics is achieved by pad-dry-cure procedure, using an aqueous nano gel dispersion and 1,2,3,4-butantetracarboxylic acid as a crosslinking agent. With this cross linking method, it is possible to integrate the nano gel into the cotton fabric’s structure with good resistance to washing. The changes in physiological comfort parameters of cotton fabric such as the water vapor transmission rate, air permeability and vertical wicking as well properties such as the thickness, crease recovery angle, yellowness index and washing fastness of cotton fabric after smart finishing have also been assessed. The results show that the application of nano gel as a smart finishing system not only impairs the intrinsic properties of cotton but also improves the common textile quality by providing new features of stimuli-responsiveness.

Economic value added of intellectual capital on the market value of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

The present research studies the effects of the economic value added (EVA) and the intellectual capital on value of the listed companies’ value in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research was based on an applicable goal and it is descriptive and post-event in terms of nature. The sample of the research consists of 89 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the research period was from 2004 to 2011. In order to examine the research hypothesis, a multivariate regression is utilized using panel data. The results indicate spontaneous use of intellectual capital variable and the remaining profit according to the accepted principles of accounting increase description power of the market value fluctuations of the corporate remarkably

Economic value added of intellectual capital on the market value of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

The present research studies the effects of the economic value added (EVA) and the intellectual capital on value of the listed companies’ value in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research was based on an applicable goal and it is descriptive and post-event in terms of nature. The sample of the research consists of 89 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the research period was from 2004 to 2011. In order to examine the research hypothesis, a multivariate regression is utilized using panel data. The results indicate spontaneous use of intellectual capital variable and the remaining profit according to the accepted principles of accounting increase description power of the market value fluctuations of the corporate remarkably

Economic value added of intellectual capital on the market value of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

The present research studies the effects of the economic value added (EVA) and the intellectual capital on value of the listed companies’ value in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research was based on an applicable goal and it is descriptive and post-event in terms of nature. The sample of the research consists of 89 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the research period was from 2004 to 2011. In order to examine the research hypothesis, a multivariate regression is utilized using panel data. The results indicate spontaneous use of intellectual capital variable and the remaining profit according to the accepted principles of accounting increase description power of the market value fluctuations of the corporate remarkably

Microencapsulation of saffron petal anthocyanins with cress seed gum compared with Arabic gum through freeze drying

In this research, encapsulation efficiency of cress seed gum (CSG) as a native hydrocolloid was compared with Arabic gum (AG) and maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent of 20 (M20), and 7 (M7)) for saffron (Crocus sativus) petal's extract by freeze drying method. Combinations of CSG-M20, AG-M20, and M7-M20 with ratios of 50:50 and M20 alone (100%) were used as wall materials. A mixture of 1:5 (based on dry matter) between core (concentrated anthocyanin extract of saffron petal) and wall materials were freeze dried and stability of encapsulated anthocyanins along with color parameters (a∗, b∗, L∗, C, H° and TCD) of final powders were measured during 10 weeks of storage (at 35 °C as an accelerated method). Total anthocyanins were determined through pH differential method every week. Four prepared formulations of encapsulated powders didn't show any significant differences (P > 0.01) in terms of total anthocyanin content measured immediately after production and after 10 weeks storage. AG-M20 mixture and M20 alone showed the highest and lowest TCD, respectively. The mixture of CSG-M20 in comparison with AG-M20 and M20 had the same protecting effect (P < 0.01) but showed a relatively high TCD (9.33). © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Simvastatin decreases hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion-induced liver and lung injury in rats

Liver failure is still a significant clinical problem after transplantation surgery, tissue resections (the Pringle manoeuvre) and haemorrhagic shock. The restoration of blood flow to an ischaemic region leads to tissue injury at a greater rate than the original ischaemic insult, an event termed "ischaemia-reperfusion injury" (I/R). Despite advances in surgical techniques, I/R still poses a problem of clinical importance. In this research, we studied the effect of simvastatin pretreatment on liver and lung injury induced by hepatic I/R. Rats were subjected to 30 min of ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Simvastatin (10 mg/kg) was administered orally from three days before the operation. After the reperfusion time, serum ALT, AST, LDH and TNF a levels were studied and liver and lung tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL to detect apoptotic cells. Serum aminotransferase activity and LDH and TNF&#945; levels were increased markedly by hepatic I/R, and these were suppressed significantly by simvastatin. The tissue injury index and the number of apoptotic cells via TUNEL staining in the liver and lungs were higher in the I/R group than in the I/R + simvastatin group. These results suggest that simvastatin ameliorates I/R-induced liver and lung tissue damage by inhibiting the level of inflammation and the apoptotic pathways. Simvastatin administration may therefore provide protection against the adverse effects of I/R injury in liver transplantation

Annotation of Cultivar Variations at the Multigeneic Rhg1/Rfs2 Locus: Polymorphisms Underling AlteraAnnotation of Cultivar Variations at the Multigeneic Rhg1/Rfs2 Locus: Polymorphisms Underling Alterations of Root Development and Pest Resistancetions of Root Development and Pest Resistance

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) suffers yield loss due to root infection from soil infestation by Heterodera glycine I. (soybean cyst nematode SCN) and Fusarium virguliforme (Aoki; sudden death syndrome (SDS)). The major locus for SCN and SDS resistance has previously been identified as Rhg1/Rfs2 (chr18; LG G) (site reference). The objective of this experiment was to compare the Sanger DNA sequence of a resistant cultivar (‘Forrest’) and two susceptible cultivars (‘Williams 82’ and ‘Asgrow A3244’). Sequences were downloaded from GenBank for Williams 82, Phytzome for A3244 and a newly sequenced BAC-B73P06 (82,157 bp) encompassing the Rfs2/Rhg1 locus. Using the resistant cultivars, 800 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 57 indels were identified. In contrast, the susceptible cultivars had just 12 SNPs and no indels between them. Polymorphisms were clustered within 59 kbp, divided into three sections. There were 5 predicted recombination breakpoints. The third and fourth breakpoints were located before gene 3 and after gene 5 (Glyma18g02680; the RLK at Rhg1/Rfs2) which were therefore inferred to be derived from Peking, within the Rhg1/Rfs2 region. Comparisons of SNPs identified in Illumina sequences from 31 semi-domesticated genomes showed 80% of the total SNPs in Forrest were found among the genomes. Annotation and gene prediction showed the BAC gene prediction encoded 9-10 genes. There were 31 SNPs within exons and 137 among introns. Just 11 SNPs caused amino acid changes. There were 5 SNPs in cis regulatory elements (CREs) and 14 in promoters. Polymorphisms indicated the regions that were introgressed from Peking had defined limits. Proteins across the region were highly conserved compared to non-coding regions, suggesting purifying selection occurred