BETWEEN THE BIOACTIVE EXTRACTS OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMS AND PHARMACOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT NANOPARTICLES: NEED FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF A SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION - A MINI REVIEW

ABSTRACTThe pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms has been studied to a reasonable level. In the same vein, thebioactivity of nanoparticles has also been investigated and reported to be of potential pharmacological benefit. No doubt, there is a reasonableamount of claims regarding the vast activity of the mushroom extracts and nanoparticles on the tested cell lines and microorganisms. In this paper,a review of the recent application of bioactive compounds extracted from two edible mushrooms (Coprinus comatus and Lactarius deliciosus), aswell as some of the recently reported studies on some nanoparticles of pharmacological potentials, was carried out. In order to check for synergy inthe bioactivity of the mushroom extracts when co-administered with nanoparticles, an investigation on the synergistic application of the materialsthrough the encapsulation of the bioactive extracts from the mushroom onto the nanoparticle was proposed. The supposed synergy in the activity ofthe extract-nanoparticle complex could hold the key to improved activity of nutraceuticals against resistant microorganisms and tumor cells.Keywords: Coprinus comatus, Lactarius deliciosus, Nanoparticles, Synergy, Bioactive extracts

Between the bioactive extracts of edible mushrooms and pharmacologically important nanoparticles: Need for the investigation of a synergistic combination - A mini review

The pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms has been studied to a reasonable level. In the same vein, the bioactivity of nanoparticles has also been investigated and reported to be of potential pharmacological benefit. No doubt, there is a reasonable amount of claims regarding the vast activity of the mushroom extracts and nanoparticles on the tested cell lines and microorganisms. In this paper, a review of the recent application of bioactive compounds extracted from two edible mushrooms (Coprinus comatus and Lactarius deliciosus), as well as some of the recently reported studies on some nanoparticles of pharmacological potentials, was carried out. In order to check for synergy in the bioactivity of the mushroom extracts when co-administered with nanoparticles, an investigation on the synergistic application of the materials through the encapsulation of the bioactive extracts from the mushroom onto the nanoparticle was proposed. The supposed synergy in the activity of the extract-nanoparticle complex could hold the key to improved activity of nutraceuticals against resistant microorganisms and tumor cells

Bioassay Guided Isolation and Identification of a Cytotoxic Compound from Azadirachta indica Leaves

This study aimed to investigate the structural features of the isolated flavonol glycoside, which might behave as a cytotoxic compound. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of an 80% methanol solution of Neem (Azadirachta indica) (Family: Meliaceae) leaves were subjected to a cytotoxicity bioassay against brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect, supported by the lowest lethal concentration, a LC50 value of 1.35±0.40 ppm. A compound, Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from the most toxic fraction of the ethyl acetate via preparative liquid chromatography and then identified via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared (IR), mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The compound was further confirmed by physical state, color, solubility, and melting point determination. The cytotoxic results suggest that the leaf ethyl acetate fraction consists of toxic compounds, which point towards the isolation of Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside

Pharmacophore-based molecular docking and in-silico study of novel usnic acid derivatives as avian influenza A (H7N9) inhibitor

The Avian Influenza virus is not only dangerous to birds, but it is also dangerous to people and other animals. It is a serious danger to poultry worldwide with the capacity to spread to other species, including people; consequently, more efficient medicines are required to treat this virus. This study examined the binding effectiveness of twentyone (21) Usnic acid derivatives out of 340 generated via pharmacophore filtering with AIV A (H7N9) utilising an in-silico technique. The docking simulation to AIV A obtained five compounds with a high affinity to the target protein. The ADMET and druggability prediction produced two lead molecules that were then submitted to Cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzyme screening to generate the best molecule, labelled as compound 5. According to the findings, compound 5 might be employed as a lead inhibitor in developing an anti-AIV medicatio

Pharmacophore-based molecular docking of usnic acid derivatives to discover anti-viral drugs against influenza A virus

For decades, influenza virus infection has been a serious health concern due to seasonal epidemics and pandemics, and it is continuing on the rise today, yet there is no gold-standard medication available for treating influenza viral infection. As a result, better influenza medicine is necessary to prevent illness. The purpose of this work was to investigate how effective usnic acid derivatives were as antiviral medications against the influenza virus in a computational approach. To discover the prospective medication as an anti-influenza agent, we employed pharmacophore-based molecular docking, ADMET, and drug-likeness studies, CYP isoform analysis and MD simulation approaches. Using pharmacophore filtering processes, twenty-three (23) usnic acid derivatives were acquired from an in-house database of 340 usnic acid derivatives. A docking simulation on the Influenza A H1N1 polymerase resulted in four molecules with a high affinity for the protein. The pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness predictions yielded two hit compounds, which were then subjected to cytochrome P450 enzyme screening to provide the lead molecule, denoted as compound-4. In addition, MD simulation of lead compound (Compound-4) was performed to verify the stability of the docked complex and the binding posture acquired in docking experiments. The findings revealed that compound-4 is a promising option for antiviral treatment of influenza illness in the future