Effective mass in quantum effects of radiation pressure

We study the quantum effects of radiation pressure in a high-finesse cavity with a mirror coated on a mechanical resonator. We show that the optomechanical coupling can be described by an effective susceptibility which takes into account every acoustic modes of the resonator and their coupling to the light. At low frequency this effective response is similar to a harmonic response with an effective mass smaller than the total mass of the mirror. For a plano-convex resonator the effective mass is related to the light spot size and becomes very small for small optical waists, thus enhancing the quantum effects of optomechanical coupling.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, RevTe

Efficacy of Artemisinin-Naphtoquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Uncomplicated Malaria Patient at Primary Health Care

Background: Our previous study of single dose artemisinin-naphthoquine (ANT) in adult majority male patients showed it as a safe, tolerable, and very effective treatment for uncomplicated malaria. More data is required to verify safety and efficacy from other age groups before this new drug could be widely used in Primary Health Care (PHC)s in Indonesia.Methods: For this study, we modified the 2009 WHO guidelines for clinical trials. This quasi-experimental study compared two parallel groups, subjects given ANT at 5 PHCs with inpatient facilities, and subjects given the control drug dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) administered to subjects at 5 PHCs without inpatient facilities. Results: Of a total 182 recruited subjects, 168 malaria cases could be analyzed. There were 71 cases in the ANT group and 97 cases in the DHP group. The characteristics of subjects receiving ANT and DHP at baseline were similar except the proportion of axillary temperature ≥37.50C, and proportion of anaemic subjects (Hb <11 g/dl) in the ANT group were higher than DHP group (61.8% vs 23.8%, and 83.1% vs 48.5%). Subjects in ANT group also had a lower proportion of asexual parasitemia on day-3 than DHP group (1.4% vs 10.3%). The therapeutic efficacy of ANT and DHP, were 95.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 88.8-99.1] and 91.9% (95% CI = 84.3-96.0) by day 42. Both drugs had mild adverse events. Conclusion: The use of ANT is safe and has similar efficacy to DHP for treatment of adults and children patient with uncomplicated malaria at Primary Health Care. (Health Science Indones 2014;2:100-5)

Thermal noise of a plano-convex mirror

We study theoretically the internal thermal noise of a mirror coated on a plano-convex substrate. The comparison with a cylindrical mirror of the same mass shows that the effect on a light beam can be reduced by a factor 10, improving the sensitivity of high-precision optical experiments such as gravitational-wave interferometers.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, RevTe

High-sensitivity optical measurement of mechanical Brownian motion

We describe an experiment in which a laser beam is sent into a high-finesse optical cavity with a mirror coated on a mechanical resonator. We show that the reflected light is very sensitive to small mirror displacements. We have observed the Brownian motion of the resonator with a very high sensitivity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTe

Artemisinin-napthoquine Versus Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in Adult Subjects with Plasmodium Vivax Infection

Background: This study was to compare the efficacy and safety between Artemisinin-Napthoquine (AN)as a single dose as well as an alternative drug, and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP) as a three-daystandard regimen on P. vivax infection.Methods: This was an open randomized study performed during the period of April 2007- March 2008 inthree Armed Forces Hospitals in Jayapura, Papua Province, and one private hospital in Maumere, East NusaTenggara Province. This study was a part from previously published study for any malaria infection. Efficacywas the absence of clinical and parasitological malaria until day 42, performed as Adequate Clinical andParasitological Response (ACPR). Safety was performed based on adverse event in any day of follow upwhich never reported at day recruitment (d0).Results: This study analyses 158 P. vivax cases. A total 80 subjects were treated with AN and 78 with DHP.The median Parasite Clearance Estimator (PCE) was 2.32 (range: 1.42 – 7.78; Interquartile Range (IQR): 1.99– 2.82) hours in AN and 2.05 (range: 1.30 – 8.30; IQR: 1.82 – 2.46) hours in DHP group. The parasite clearancewas complete by 64 hours. The ACPR was 100% (95% Confidance Interval (CI): 95.2-100) in the AN, and100% (95% CI: 94.9-100) in the DHP group. Both drugs have similar mild and tolerated adverse events.Conclusions: Both drugs have similar efficacy and safety for the treatment of P. vivax in adults. AlthoughAN has took longer PCE compared to DHP, 100% clearance was achieved in both groups in 64 hours.(Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2015;6:92-8

Efikasi dan Keamanan Dihidroartemisinin-piperakuin (Dhp) pada Penderita Malaria Falsiparum tanpa Komplikasi di Kalimantan dan Sulawesi

Since 2008, Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP) has been used as the first-line drug for treatment of falciparum malaria in Papua, which gradually will also be used in other endemic areas. The objective of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of DHP. Patients with uncomplicated malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum were enrolled and treated with supervised DHP (arterakin ®, no. batch 010 909) daily dose for three days. Patients were followed for 42 days. Patients during follow up did physical examination and checked for microscopic parasites, measurement of hemoglobin levels (day 0, 14, 28 and 42), making the blood spot PCR (day 0 and day relapse), pregnancy test for women of childbearing age (Day 0 and 28). 119 patients were enrolled in the study. Therapeutic efficacy of DHP by day 42 in ITT and PP population were 98.3% (95% CI: 94.1-99.5%) and 100% (95% CI: 96.9-100%). The means of parasite clearance and fever clearance were 1.0 day and 1.6 days, and clinical symptoms was reduced by over 50% by day-7 follow up. All patients with gametocytes on day 0, generally were cleared on day 28 . There were an increasing number of patients with recovery hemoglobin at day 14, 28 and 42: 61%, 78% and 84%. Adverse events were mild, ie cough (31%) and abdominal pain (10%). Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine was safe and effective for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria

Cooling of a mirror by radiation pressure

We describe an experiment in which a mirror is cooled by the radiation pressure of light. A high-finesse optical cavity with a mirror coated on a mechanical resonator is used as an optomechanical sensor of the Brownian motion of the mirror. A feedback mechanism controls this motion via the radiation pressure of a laser beam reflected on the mirror. We have observed either a cooling or a heating of the mirror, depending on the gain of the feedback loop.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, RevTe