The Predatory Marine Gastropod Rapana Venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in Northwestern Black Sea: Morphometric Variations, Imposex Appearance and Biphallia Phenomenon

The presented chapter will show the results of long-term researches (2004–2013), concerning the study of variability of the size-mass relationships in mollusks Rapana venosa from the northwestern part of Black Sea (Odessa region, Zmiyiny Island, Danube Delta, Karkinitsky, and Tendra Gulfs) and near the eastern coast of Crimea (Sudak Gulf). The comparative evaluation has been made on the relationships between the total mass of the mollusks, mass of its soft body, and wide shells on the one hand and the size of animals (shell height, diameter, and thickness) in each study area on the other hand. Furthermore, the study of the appearance of the imposex in female mollusks (the small “penis” presence), “biphallia phenomenon” in male individual, and potential dependence of the occurrence of such anomalies on the ecological state of the marine coastal areas will be presented

Heart rate variability and structural and functional disorders of myocardium in patients with chronic prostatitis

The aim. of work was to study the relationship between structural and functional changes in the myocardium and the parameters of heart rate variability in patients with chronic prostatitis. The study included 51 patient with chronic prostatitis of average age 34,2 ± 8,1 years. The study excluded patients older than 45 years, with various heart diseases, arterial hypertension and a history of inflammatory diseases of any other localization. Echocardiography research was carried out by standard methods on the device "VIVID-3-expert GE". All the patients had. Holter ECG monitoring with analysis of heart rate variability. In patients with chronic prostatitis the disorder of vegetative cardiovascular regulation of cardiac activity in the form of hypersympathotony and. significant reduction of protective vagal activity was revealed. Main differences of structural and. functional parameters of myocardium related to such indices as the thickness of the posterior wall, interventricular septum, left ventricular myocardial mass, time, isovolumetric relaxation of the left ventricle, which in patients with diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle and. left atrium dilatation significantly higher than those settings intact myocardium of the left ventricle and. atrium, as well as a control group. The lowest values of heart rate variability reported in patients with structural and. functional changes in the myocardium of the left atrium and. diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricular. Thus, one of the mechanisms of left ventricular remodeling in patients with chronic prostatitis, a vegetative imbalance with sympathotony associated with lower basic spectral, temporal and geometry of heart rate variability. Prolonged activation of the sympathetic nervous system autonomic managers may directly or indirectly (through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) to initiate and. maintain the processes of excessive growth of cardiomyocytes, contributing to dysfunction of left ventricular relaxation, in patients with chronic prostatiti

ROLE OF VIOLATIONS VEGETATIVE, ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES IN HEART ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PROSTATITIS

Aim. Studies on the role of autonomic disorders, changes of serum NEFA, glycerol, adenine nucleotides and violation fraction of the fatty acids of erythrocyte membranes in the development of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods. The study included 50 patients with chronic prostatitis, mean age 35 ± 5,6 years. Vegetative state is defined by: clinical evaluation of autonomic disorders, autonomic profiles and vegetative index Kerdo. Performed Holter ECG monitoring with analysis of heart rate variability. The blood was determined NEFA, glycerol, macroergs concentration and size distribution of higher fatty acids in red blood cells. Results. The majority of patients with chronic prostatitis on the questionnaire data revealed sympathotony manifested reduced the basic parameters of heart rate variability. In these patients have the syndrome disorders utilization of fatty acids, characterized by the accumulation in the blood NEFA while reducing the level of glycerol, and decreased ATP content in red blood cells and increased AMP. The greatest changes in the level and composition of free fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes as raising saturated and polyunsaturated reduction deal with chronic prostatitis with the activation of the sympathetic autonomous nervous system level. Among patients simpatotonikov often recorded supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, whereas patients-eytonik arrhythmias detected less frequently, and they are only a single supraventricular extrasystoles. Thus, long-term activation of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with chronic prostatitis, manifested by reduction of basic parameters of heart rate variability leads to a syndrome disorders utilization of fatty acids in the myocardium, the energy deficit and implement the lipolytic effect of catecholamines from the imbalance of the quality of the free fatty acids, which can be a trigger mechanism in the development of cardiac arrhythmias in these patients

PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL CIRRHOSIS

To study the peculiarities of the formation of pulmonary hypertension in patients with viral cirrhosis we carried out tissue Doppler echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, duplex vascular scanning, research of respiratory function in patients with viral cirrhosis. It was found that pulmonary hypertension in patients with viral cirrhosis was a frequent complication (38 %) and is often moderate. An acceleration of blood flow and dilation of the portal and splenic veins, disturbed longitudinal systolic function of the right ventricle and its relaxation as well as decrease of the respiratory function by the restrictive type are registered in patients with pulmonary hypertension

FEATURES OF HEMODYNAMICS OF LIVER AND HEART IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL CIRRHOSIS

To study the peculiarities of hemodynamics of liver and heart Doppler echocardiography, duplex ultrasonography vascular screening in patients with viral cirrhosis were held. It was found that patients with viral cirrhosis have remodeling of viscerogenic hemodynamic, left ventricle myocardium with formation of various variants of its geometry. Disorder of heart ventricles relaxation, presence of moderate pulmonary hypertension are accompanied by more expressed portal hemodynamic disorders. Indices of viscerogenic hemodynamic correlate with geometric characteristics of heart ventricles and pulmonary artery, functional state of left ventricle and hemoglobin saturation with oxygen

MODELOWANIE MATEMATYCZNE I SYSTEM STEROWANIA BUDYNKIEM NIEMAL ZEROENERGETYCZNYM

The article examines three different kinds of mathematical model of nearly zero energy building. The first model enables to optimize the structure and the definition of key parameters of energy efficient building. The second model is necessary for passive house designing with renewable energy sources. The third model should be used for monitoring and control of energy supply system of nearly zero energy building through year every hour of winter and summer.W artykule rozważono trzy różne typy matematycznego modelu budynku o niemal zerowym zużyciu energii. Pierwszy model pozwala zoptymalizować strukturę i definicję kluczowych parametrów budynku energooszczędnego. Drugi model jest niezbędny do zaprojektowania domu pasywnego wykorzystującego odnawialne źródła energii. Trzeci model powinien być stosowany do godzinowego monitorowania i monitorowania systemu energetycznego budynku o niskim zużyciu energii przez cały rok

Post-COVID-19 syndrome: morpho-functional abnormalities of the heart and arrhythmias

Aim. To study the myocardial morpho-functional abnormalities, the incidence and nature of cardiac arrhythmias in patients 3 months after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods. The study included 77 patients (mean age, 35,9 years) treated for coronavirus infection, which underwent echocardiography and 24-hour Holter monitoring 3 months after COVID-19. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 — 31 patients with upper respiratory tract involvement; group 2 — 27 patients with bilateral pneumonia (CT grade 1, 2), 3 — 19 patients with severe pneumonia (CT grade 3, 4). Statistical processing was carried out using Statistica 10.0.Results. According to echocardiography, the peak tricuspid late diastolic velocity and isovolumetric contraction time in all groups increased (P<0,001). The tricuspid and mitral Em/Am ratio decreased depending on the disease severity. In group 3, the right ventricular and atrial size increased (P<0,001). The pulmonary artery systolic pressure, left atrial volume in patients of the 2nd and 3rd groups was higher than in the control one (P<0,001). In group 1 and 2 patients, the regional strain in basal and basal/middle segments decreased, respectively, while, in group 3, not only regional but also global left ventricular (LV) strain decreased (P<0,001). In all groups, cardiac arrhythmias and pericardial effusion were found. The relationship was established between coronavirus activity and the structural and functional myocardial parameters (P<0,001).Conclusion. Cardiovascular injury 3 months after COVID-19 was found in 71%, 93%, and 95% of patients with mild, moderate and severe course. In mild course patients, a decrease in regional myocardial strain in LV basal segments, signs of past pericarditis, and various cardiac arrhythmias were noted. In patients of moderate severity, these changes were more pronounced and were accompanied by an additional decrease in regional strain in LV middle segments, impaired right ventricular diastole and increased pulmonary artery pressure. In severe patients, in addition to the above changes, dilatation of the right heart and inferior vena cava was recorded, as well as LV diastolic and global systolic function decreased

Генетические особенности у больных гриппом А / H1N1 / 09, осложненным пневмонией

The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphisms of cytokine genes (TNF G308A, IL 10 C592A, IL 10 C819T, IL 10 G1082A), and molecular regulation of inflammation (CD14 C159T) and vascular tone (еNOS C786T) in patients with A / H1N1 flu complicated by pneumonia.Methods. Patients hospitalized for pneumonia complicating influenza A / H1N1 / 09 were involved in the study: 37 patients with severe pneumonia, 74 patients with non severe pneumonia and 115 healthy subjects as controls. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for molecular investigations.Results. Patients with influenza A / H1N1 complicated by pneumonia carried the homozygous G allele of TNF gene polymorphism (308 G/A) and the homozygous G allele of IL 10 gene polymorphism (1082 G/A) more often compared with controls. Patients with pneumonia more often carried IL 10 gene 592 C/A allele and largely as homozygous variant. Frequencies of homozygous IL 10 gene polymorphism (819 C/T) T/T and CD14 gene polymorphism (159 C/T) T/T were significantly lower compared with healthy subjects. On contrary, the homozygous T/T polymorphism (786 C/T) of еNOS gene was more common in patients with pneumonia. Prognostic risk factors for occurrence of pneumonia in patients with influenza А / H1N1 were IL 10 gene polymorphisms 592 CC, 819 CC, and 1082 GG. TNF (308 GG); IL 10 (819 CC) and (1082 GG) haplotypes had the highest prognostic value for severe pneumonia in patients with influenza A / H1N1. TNF (308 GG); IL 10 (819 CC); (1082 GG) and TNF (308 GG); IL 10 (819 CC); (1082 GG) and CD14 (159 CC) haplotypes predicted ARDS and death in patients with influenza A / H1N1 / 09, respectively.Conclusion. Identifying genetic status in a patient with influenza A / H1N1 could predict severity and complications of the disease.Целью исследования явилось выявление особенностей полиморфизмов генов цитокинов (фактор некроза опухоли – TNF G308A, интерлейкины – IL 10 C592A, IL 10 C819T, IL 10 G1082A), гена регуляторной молекулы воспаления (CD14 C159T) и регуляции сосудистого тонуса (еNOS C786T) у пациентов с гриппом A / H1N1, осложненном пневмонией.Материалы и методы. Обследованы пациенты, находившиеся на лечении по поводу пневмонии на фоне гриппа А / H1N1 / 09: 1я группа (n = 37) – с тяжелыми пневмониями; 2я (n = 74) – с нетяжелыми пневмониями; 3я (n = 115) – здоровые лица. Молекулярно-генетическое исследование проводилось методом полимеразной цепной реакции. У больных гриппом А / H1N1, осложненным пневмонией, чаще встречалось гомозиготное носительство аллели G полиморфизма (308 G/A) гена TNF по сравнению с контрольной группой. У заболевших значительно преобладала G аллель гена IL10 (1082 G/A), преимущественно в виде гомозиготного носительства. У пациентов с гриппозными пневмониями превалировала С аллель гена IL 10 (592 C/A), в большей степени в виде гомозиготного варианта. Гомозиготное носительство гена IL 10 (819 C/Т) Т/Т и гена CD14 (159 C/Т) Т/Т оказалось значительно ниже по сравнению с группой здоровых лиц. Установлено преобладание гомозиготы Т/Т полиморфизма (786 C/Т) гена еNOS среди заболевших гриппозной пневмонией.Результаты. Прогностическими факторами риска развития пневмонии у больных гриппом А / H1N1 явились полиморфизмы гена IL 10 592 CС, 819 CС, 1082 GG. Наибольшее значение в прогнозировании тяжелого течения пневмонии при гриппе А / H1N1 имеют гаплотипы TNF (308 GG); IL 10 (819 CC); (1082 GG). В качестве предикторов развития острого повреждения легких / острого респираторного дистресс синдрома и летального исхода у больных гриппом А / H1N1 / 09 выявлены гаплотипы TNF (308 GG); IL 10 (819 CC); (1082 GG) и TNF (308 GG); IL 10 (819 CC); (1082 GG); CD14 (159 CС) соответственно.Заключение. Изучение генетического статуса пациента при гриппе А / H1N1 позволит оценивать тяжесть заболевания и прогнозировать возможные осложнения

Актуальные цели и задачи стратегического развития отечественной индустрии

The article justifies that in the conditions of stagnation in the Russian economy and the absence of prerequisites for its breakthrough development, it is necessary to seek new approaches in managing the development of economic systems.The purpose of this article is to set the correct goal for the development of the domestic industry and to justify the mechanism for achieving it. A new approach is proposed in managing the strategic development of industrial enterprises, aimed at long-term growth of the quality of their technologies. It is proved that the implementation of such a strategy provides a benchmark for a quantitative indicator of the quality of human-machine systems – the economic level of their technology.A number of methods for the strategic development of individual industrial enterprises and their systems based on economic and technological modeling of the development of industrial production are proposed. The tasks of managing the development of enterprises based on the criterion of maximizing their economic and technological quality and the need for state participation in the directed transformation of the country’s industrial complex are substantiated.The need to ensure the linkage of strategies for the development of industrial enterprises with the strategy for the development of the economy as a whole is stressed.В статье обосновывается, что в условиях стагнации в российской экономике и отсутствия предпосылок для ее прорывного развития, необходимо искать новые подходы в управлении развитием экономических систем, успешность которых во многом зависит от корректной постановки цели развития и обоснования механизма ее достижения.Обосновывается, что применяемые на данный момент такие критерии развития на макроуровне, как максимизация внутреннего валового продукта, и максимизация прибыли – на микроуровне – не отражают сущность экономического развития, следовательно, не могут рассматриваться в качестве показателя экономического развития любой экономической системы. Максимизация прибыли зачастую не означает развитие предприятия, как и рост ВВП не означает развитие экономики.В данной статье предлагается постановка новой цели развития отечественной индустрии, обосновывается механизм ее достижения и предлагается новый подход в управлении стратегическим развитием промышленных предприятий, направленный на долгосрочный рост качества их технологий. Доказывается, что реализацию такой стратегии обеспечивает ориентир на количественный показатель качества человека-машинных систем – экономический уровень их технологии. Указываются основания для признания экономического уровня технологий критерием эффективности развития. Обосновывается возможность применение данного обобщенного показателя качества экономической системы возможно на микро-, мезо- и макроуровне.Предлагается ряд методов стратегического развития отдельных промышленных предприятий и их систем, базирующихся на экономико-технологическом моделировании развития промышленного производства. Обосновываются задачи управления развитием предприятий по критерию максимизации их экономико-технологического качества и необходимость участия государства в направленной трансформации промышленного комплекса страны. Решение задач основывается на представлении о двух типах технологического развития – рационалистическом и эвристическом, реализация которых сопровождается количественными ориентирами затрат и ожидаемых результатов.Использование данного показателя позволит не только повысить величину инвестиций в основной капитал, но и обеспечит эффективное расходование государственных средств, т.е. позволит осуществлять целесообразные капитальные вложения.Подчеркивается необходимость взаимосвязи стратегий развития промышленных предприятий со стратегией развития экономики в целом. Обозначаются направления дальнейшего развития данного подхода, одним из которых является разработка прикладных программных средств развития промышленных предприятий, что позволяет на основе универсальных подходов выработать уникальные для каждого предприятия стратегии развития