Моделирование распределения числа символов двоичного сигнала дельта-модуляции

The possibilities of using delta-modulation as analog-to-digital converter in the first stage in the new cascade coding structure for digital data processing systems are developed. Selecting the delta-modulation is motivated account of its simplicity, comparable to other types of analog-to-digital conversion, noise immunity, and most importantly, with a low probability of symbols bursts appearance. The latter property, as well as the using interleaver in the following stages of multi-coding can significantly improve the characteristics of digital data processing systems. The distribution of the symbols bursts for the various input signals and delta- modulation algorithms are obtained.Рассмотрены возможности использования дельта-модуляции в качестве аналого-цифрового преобразования на первой ступени новой каскадной кодирующей конструкции, разработанной для цифровых систем обработки информации. Выбор дельта-модуляции обоснован ее простотой по сравнению с другими видами аналого-цифрового преобразования, помехозащищенностью и, самое главное, низкой вероятностью появления пачек символов. Последнее свойство, а также применение перемежителя на следующих стадиях многокаскадного кодирования, позволяют существенно улучшить характеристики цифровых систем обработки информации. Приведены распределения пачек символов для различных входных сигналов и алгоритмов дельта-модуляции

Вейвлет-анализ кардиосигналов в среде Matlab

This article is devoted to the problem of accurate detection of cardiosignal QRS-complexes for early diagnosis of various diseases of human cardiovascular system. For that purpose various algorithms based on either digital filtering methods or mathematical modeling of ECG signal particular sections are used. However, all listed methods have a number of disadvantages impairing the accuracy of QRS-complex determination. Yet wavelet transforms enabling accurate identification of local features for non-stationary signals are becoming more common in various fields of technology.The article presents wavelet spectrogram calculation by means of various wavelets and levels of decomposition in the Wavelet Toolbox environment. Based on wavelet coefficient amplitudes, the presence of jumps, discontinuities, i.e. QRS complex can be identified. In addition, by comparing the form of the QRS complex and the graph of the scaling function of different wavelets, the most optimal wavelet is determined for identifying the QRS complex, as well as noise suppression in cardiosignals.The obtained results can be used not only in electrocardiography, but also in solving problems of identification and processing of various types of signals. Рассмотрена проблема точного обнаружения QRS-комплексов кардиосигналов с целью раннего диаг­ностирования болезней сердечно-сосудистой системы человека. Для этой цели применяются различные алгоритмы, основанные либо на методах цифровой фильтрации, либо на математическом моделирова­нии отдельных участков электрокардиограммы. Однако указанные методы имеют ряд недостатков, снижающих точность определения QRS-комплексов. В то же время вейвлет-преобразования, позволяю­щие практически безошибочно идентифицировать локальные особенности нестационарных сигналов, находят все большее применение в различных областях техники.Представлено получение вейвлет-спектрограмм в среде Wavelet Toolbox с использованием различных вейвлетов и уровней декомпозиции. По амплитудам вейвлет-коэффициентов можно судить о наличии скачков, разрывов, т. е. идентифицировать QRS-комплекс. На основании сравнения вида QRS-комплекса и графиков масштабирующих функций различных вейвлетов определен наиболее оптимальный вейвлет для идентификации QRS-комплекса, а также шумоподавления в кардиосигналах.Полученные результаты могут применяться не только в электрокардиографии, но и при решении задач идентификации и обработки сигналов различного типа.

Синхронная система обработки и передачи данных с привязкой к шкале единого мирового времени

The methods of the high speed data processing and transmission systems, operating with large number of analog and digital sensors are investigated. Real time clock (RTC) device uses as system time generator for nonstop synchronous work. RTC is calibrated using the GPS signal for reference to the world time scale. In order to reduce the power consumption, the activation of the sensors occurs only at the survey and controlled by RTC.Исследованы методы высокоскоростной обработки и передачи данных систем, работающих с большим количеством аналоговых и цифровых датчиков. Для обеспечения беспрерывной синхронной работы системы в качестве тактового генератора использованы часы реального времени (real time clock - RTC). RTC калибруется с использованием сигнала GPS для привязки к единому мировому времени. В целях снижения потребляемой мощности включение датчиков происходит только в моменты опроса и управляется RTC

Simulation of the distribution symbols number in the binary delta - modulation signal

The possibilities of using delta-modulation as analog-to-digital converter in the first stage in the new cascade coding structure for digital data processing systems are developed. Selecting the delta-modulation is motivated account of its simplicity, comparable to other types of analog-to-digital conversion, noise immunity, and most importantly, with a low probability of symbols bursts appearance. The latter property, as well as the using interleaver in the following stages of multi-coding can significantly improve the characteristics of digital data processing systems. The distribution of the symbols bursts for the various input signals and delta- modulation algorithms are obtained

Wavelet-Analysis of Cardiosignals Using Matlab

This article is devoted to the problem of accurate detection of cardiosignal QRS-complexes for early diagnosis of various diseases of human cardiovascular system. For that purpose various algorithms based on either digital filtering methods or mathematical modeling of ECG signal particular sections are used. However, all listed methods have a number of disadvantages impairing the accuracy of QRS-complex determination. Yet wavelet transforms enabling accurate identification of local features for non-stationary signals are becoming more common in various fields of technology.The article presents wavelet spectrogram calculation by means of various wavelets and levels of decomposition in the Wavelet Toolbox environment. Based on wavelet coefficient amplitudes, the presence of jumps, discontinuities, i.e. QRS complex can be identified. In addition, by comparing the form of the QRS complex and the graph of the scaling function of different wavelets, the most optimal wavelet is determined for identifying the QRS complex, as well as noise suppression in cardiosignals.The obtained results can be used not only in electrocardiography, but also in solving problems of identification and processing of various types of signals

Synchronous Data Processing and Transmission System with Reference to the World Time Scale

The methods of the high speed data processing and transmission systems, operating with large number of analog and digital sensors are investigated. Real time clock (RTC) device uses as system time generator for nonstop synchronous work. RTC is calibrated using the GPS signal for reference to the world time scale. In order to reduce the power consumption, the activation of the sensors occurs only at the survey and controlled by RTC

Stereoselective Synthesis of a Dipyridyl Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid‑3 (TRPV3) Antagonist

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of dipyridyl TRPV3 antagonist <b>1</b> is reported. The four-step route involves two C–C bond-forming steps, a highly diastereoselective alkene hydration, and asymmetric ketone hydrosilylation in 97% ee

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some 3-(4-(Substituted)-piperazin-1-yl)cinnolines

A new series of 6-substituted-4-methyl-3-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)cinnolines 8–10 were synthesized as potential antifungal agents via intramolecular cyclization of the respective 1-(2-arylhydrazono)-1-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-2-ones 5–7, mediated by polyphosphoric acid (PPA). The amidrazones themselves were synthesized via direct interaction of the appropriate hydrazonoyl chlorides 4a–d with the corresponding N-substituted piperazine in the presence of triethylamine. The structures of the new prepared compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-HRMS spectral data. The antitumor, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated