Consommation des jeunes et des jeunes adultes les fins de semaines

[Sommaire] Résumé. - 1 Introduction (Brève description du Monitorage suisse des addictions. - Module). - 2 Questions de recherche et Méthode pour l'enquête téléphonique: module 4 (module spécifique dans l'enquête CoRolAR) (Questions de recherche. - Méthode. - Limites. - Présentation du questionnaire. - Traitements statistiques). - 3 Données sociodémographiques. - 4 Données descriptives par catégorie d'âge et de sexe (Aperçu des consommations de substances psychoactives. - Multi-consommation lors de la dernière sortie. - Détail des consommations de substances psychoactives. - Prise de risques. - Finances. - Lieu de sortie). - 5 Données descriptives par région linguistique (Consommation. - Prise de risque). - 6 Consommations excessives (Les consommateurs à risque lors de la dernière sortie de fin de semaine. - Comparaisons des données sociodémographiques dans les deux populations d'intérêt. - Comparaison des consommations de substances psychoactives dans les deux populations d'intérêt. - Prise de risques. - Finances). - 7 Les jeunes qui ne sortent pas (Comparaisons des données sociodémographiques. - des consommations de substances psychoactives dans les deux échantillons). - 8 Conclusion. - 9 Référence

Multidrug-resistant HIV viral rebound during early syphilis: a case report

Background Syphilis has been associated with an increase in HIV RNA and a temporary decline in CD4 T cell counts in people living with HIV who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), and may be associated with a transient HIV RNA rebound in those who are receiving ART. Our case is the first to highlight the risk of a multidrug-resistant HIV viral rebound during the course of early syphilis even if antiretroviral drug concentrations are within the therapeutic range. Case presentation This 50-year-old HIV-1-positive male patient with concomitant early syphilis presented with an HIV RNA rebound (8908 copies/mL) during a scheduled visit to our clinic. He was receiving a stable ART regimen consisting of darunavir/cobicistat plus dolutegravir, and had a 15-year history of viral suppression. Good short-term drug adherence could be inferred as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry showed that his trough antiretroviral drug concentrations were within the therapeutic range: darunavir 2353 ng/mL (minimum effective concentration > 500 ng/mL) and dolutegravir 986 ng/mL (minimum effective concentration > 100 ng/mL). A plasma RNA genotype resistance test revealed wild-type virus in the integrase region and protease region (PR), but extensive resistance in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region (M41L, E44D, D67N, K70R, M184V, L210W and T215Y). Phylogenetic analysis of next-generation sequences (used to investigate the presence of minor viral variants), the PR and RT sequences from plasma HIV RNA and pro-viral DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the viral rebound, and a Sanger sequence obtained during a previous virological failure suggested clonal viral expression because the previous PR resistance mutations had been lost or had not been archived in pro-viral DNA. Conclusions This case shows that early syphilis may cause an HIV RNA rebound in patients under stable virological control with the potential of transmitting an extensively drug-resistant virus

Combining molecular dynamics and docking simulations to develop targeted protocols for performing optimized virtual screening campaigns on the HTRPM8 channel

Background: There is an increasing interest in TRPM8 ligands of medicinal interest, the rational design of which can be nowadays supported by structure-based in silico studies based on the recently resolved TRPM8 structures. Methods: The study involves the generation of a reliable hTRPM8 homology model, the reliability of which was assessed by a 1.0 \u3bcs MD simulation which was also used to generate multiple receptor conformations for the following structure-based virtual screening (VS) campaigns; docking simulations utilized different programs and involved all monomers of the selected frames; the so computed docking scores were combined by consensus approaches based on the EFO algorithm. Results: The obtained models revealed very satisfactory performances; LiGen\u2122 provided the best results among the tested docking programs; the combination of docking results from the four monomers elicited a markedly beneficial effect on the computed consensus models. Conclusions: The generated hTRPM8 model appears to be amenable for successful structure-based VS studies; cross-talk modulating effects between interacting monomers on the binding sites can be accounted for by combining docking simulations as performed on all the monomers; this strategy can have general applicability for docking simulations involving quaternary protein structures with multiple identical binding pockets

Switzerland: National Trends in Sexual Behaviour in the Context of HIV/STI Behavioural Surveillance 1987–2012

Background: National trends in sexual behaviour have been assessed mainly in the context of the HIV related behavioural surveillance system set up in Switzerland between 1987 and 1992. Methods: Several populations are included in the system. Repeatedsurveys have been regularly conducted among the general population and youth, men having sex with other men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU). Data on sexual behaviour are regularly recorded among people living with HIV/Aids (PLWHA) included in the Swiss HIV Cohort

Evaluation de la stratégie d’élimination de la rougeole 2011-2015

La stratégie d’élimination de la rougeole 2011-2015 élaborée et mise en oeuvre par l’OFSP a été évaluée en utilisant diverses approches méthodologiques complémentaires. Les principaux résultats montrent qu’un large consensus sur la stratégie a été obtenu sous l’impulsion de l’OFSP et que tous les cantons ont mis en oeuvre des mesures visant à augmenter la couverture vaccinale. Une augmentation de la couverture vaccinale, du rattrapage vaccinal et une réduction des disparités cantonales de couverture vaccinale ont été observées. Cependant l’objectif stratégique de couverture vaccinale 2 doses à l’âge de 2 ans n’a pas été obtenu dans tous les cantons pour lesquels on dispose d’une mesure en 2014-2015. Il est probable que la stratégie n’a pas encore déployé tous ses effets. Les mesures mises en oeuvre pour prévenir et contenir les flambées épidémiques et qui visent à augmenter la couverture vaccinale devraient être poursuivies

Rescoring and Linearly Combining: a Highly Effective Consensus Strategy for Virtual Screening Campaigns

The study proposes a novel consensus strategy based on linear combinations of different docking scores to be used in the evaluation of virtual screening campaigns. The consensus models are generated by applying the recently proposed Enrichment Factor Optimization (EFO) method, which develops the linear equations by exhaustively combining the available docking scores and by optimizing the resulting enrichment factors. The performances of such a consensus strategy were evaluated by simulating the entire Directory of Useful Decoys (DUD datasets). In detail, the poses were initially generated by the PLANTS docking program and then rescored by ReScore+ with and without the minimization of the complexes. The so calculated scores were then used to generate the mentioned consensus models including two or three different scoring functions. The reliability of the generated models was assessed by a per target validation as performed by default by the EFO approach. The encouraging performances of the here proposed consensus strategy are emphasized by the average increase of the 17% in the Top 1% enrichment factor (EF) values when comparing the single best score with the linear combination of three scores. Specifically, kinases offer a truly convincing demonstration of the efficacy of the here proposed consensus strategy since their Top 1% EF average ranges from 6.4 when using the single best performing primary score to 23.5 when linearly combining scoring functions. The beneficial effects of this consensus approach are clearly noticeable even when considering the entire DUD datasets as evidenced by the area under the curve (AUC) averages revealing a 14% increase when combining three scores. The reached AUC values compare very well with those reported in literature by an extended set of recent benchmarking studies and the three-variable models afford the highest AUC average

FEMINISMO DE MERCADO: OS REFLEXOS DO NEOLIBERALISMO SOBRE AS PAUTAS FEMINISTAS

O presente trabalho versa sobre a utilização do mercado no tocante às pautas feministas, sendo o neoliberalismo o fator causador da comercialização e da deturpação de inúmeros preceitos feministas pelas grandes empresas. Analisar-se-áas repercussões das ondas feministas sobre o movimento, bem como os impactos sociais do neoliberalismo, não apenas no tocante à sociedade, mas também ao Estado, objetivando examinar como ambos influenciam ideias feministas, em especial no tocante a sua mercantilização pelo capitalismo. Valer-se-á do método de abordagem dedutivo, como método de procedimento o monográfico e como técnica de pesquisa a pesquisa a documentação indireta. Deste estudo, compreendeu-se que as três primeiras ondas feministas possuíram papel imprescindível para que o feminismo atual pudesse agir de forma coletiva e interseccional, de modo a confrontar a primazia do neoliberalismo. De tal sorte, restou evidenciado que o mercado explora os ideais feministas com um único objetivo: lucrar sem abolir os aspectos políticos e culturais que inibe as minorias de ocupar espaços de poder. Palavras-chave : Feminismo. Mercado. Racionalidade Neoliberal. Neoliberalismo

GLOBALIZAÇÃO, CRISE DO ESTADO E O PROTAGONISMO DE ATORES PRIVADOS COMO AMEAÇA À DEMOCRACIA

A presente pesquisa preocupa-se em relacionar os temas da globalização e da crise do Estado e os impactos do protagonismo de atores privados na esfera democrática. Desse modo, procura trabalhar com categorias atuais e relevantes, como a plutocracia mundial, a oligarquia e a poliarquia. Com base nesses temas, o intuito da pesquisa é responder ao seguinte problema: no contexto de globalização e crise do Estado, como a emergência e protagonismo de atores privados impacta as instituições democráticas? Ao final, conclui-se que o avanço do fenômeno da globalização e o surgimento de atores privados resultou em um cenário de crise, no qual o papel normativo do direito estatal é esvaziado pelo enfraquecimento da soberania do Estado, principalmente no que diz respeito a sua autonomia de decisão. Nessa perspectiva, consoante ao que restou demonstrado, a influência e o protagonismo dos atores privados impacta negativamente às instituições democráticas, na medida em que a sobreposição dos poderes econômicos e financeiros sobre os poderes públicos resulta prejuízos à garantia dos direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos, assim como enfraquece a democracia. O trabalho desenvolveu-se por meio do método dedutivo e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica

A Fome, O Capital E O Vírus: A Apropriação Do Alimento Pelo Capital Privado E O Agravamento Do Quadro De Inefetividade Do Direito À Alimentação Na Pandemia Do Coronavírus

O presente trabalho pretende analisar os contornos jurídicos do direito humano e fundamental social à alimentação. Para além disso, busca-se evidenciar como a situação de crise alimentar deflagrada em todo o globo está relacionada com o domínio do capital privado sobre o alimento, transformando-o em mercadoria. Procura-se demonstrar, ainda, que a eclosão da pandemia do Coronavírus ampliou de forma significativa a desigualdade no acesso à alimentação adequada, agravando o cenário de crise alimentar. Diante desse contexto, investigou-se quais os impactos da pandemia do Coronavírus à fruição do direito humano e fundamental social à alimentação. Para conduzir o processo de pesquisa empregou-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, o método de procedimento monográfico e como técnica de pesquisa a documentação indireta. Ao final, conclui-se que a captura do alimento pelo capital privado conforma um cenário de intensa desigualdade social e inefetividade do direito à alimentação, agravado, sobretudo, pela eclosão da Covid-19