Screening And Tlc-bioautography Analysis Of Antimicrobial Compounds From Some Sponge Extracts Originated From Barrang Lompo Sea Island, South Sulawesi

Sponges is one of the invertebrate Porifera phyla that produce active compounds with various structures and one of the biological activity as antimicrobial. The purpose of this research was to find out the sponge extracts that can inhibit microbial growth and potential of antimicrobial active compounds from sponge at Barrang Lompo Island. The microbes used were Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The sponge extracts were obtained by maceration 14 sponge samples with methanol, followed by partition using chloroform and methanol, then TLC-bioautography toward the active extract. The results showed that methanol extracts of sponge with code BRLP-009 and 010 have the most potential effect as antimicrobial agent

The Impact of the Frequency of 7,12- Dimethylbenz [á] Anthracene (Dmba) Administration on the Formation of Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Skin of Albino Mice

Introduction: Dosage and frequency of 7,12-dimethylbenz[á] anthracene (DMBA) com- pound exposure suspected to affect the rapid growth of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in albino mice. Objective: find out the impact of DMBA exposure to dysplasia and SCC formation on albino mice. Methods: Twenty-five albino mice were divided into five groups, namely: Group 1 is the control (acetone), group 2 is 5 albino mice given four times DMBA100 µg exposure for eight weeks, group 3 is 5 albino mice were given eight times DMBA100 µg exposure for eight weeks, group 4 is 5 albino mice were given twelve times DMBA100 µg exposure for eight weeks, and group 5 is 5 albino mice were given sixteen times DMBA 100 µg exposure for eight weeks. Histopathological examination were conducted to assess histopathological feature including inflammation, dysplasia, and SCC. Results: There is a significant effect of the frequency of DMBA exposure to the clinical figure and against histopathological feature of the skin albino mice.Conclusions: Dosage and fre- quency of DMBA exposure affect the occurence of dysplasia and SCC, which are in- creasingly being DMBA exposure will accelerate the growth of SCC. The frequency of the most widely pose a SCC in DMBA 100 µg sixteen times exposure group, twice a week for eight weeks

Years of life that could be saved from prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes premature death and loss of life expectancy worldwide. Its primary and secondary prevention can result in a significant number of years of life saved. AIM: To assess how many years of life are lost after HCC diagnosis. METHODS: Data from 5346 patients with first HCC diagnosis were used to estimate lifespan and number of years of life lost after tumour onset, using a semi-parametric extrapolation having as reference an age-, sex- and year-of-onset-matched population derived from national life tables. RESULTS: Between 1986 and 2014, HCC lead to an average of 11.5 years-of-life lost for each patient. The youngest age-quartile group (18-61 years) had the highest number of years-of-life lost, representing approximately 41% of the overall benefit obtainable from prevention. Advancements in HCC management have progressively reduced the number of years-of-life lost from 12.6 years in 1986-1999, to 10.7 in 2000-2006 and 7.4 years in 2007-2014. Currently, an HCC diagnosis when a single tumour <2 cm results in 3.7 years-of-life lost while the diagnosis when a single tumour 65 2 cm or 2/3 nodules still within the Milan criteria, results in 5.0 years-of-life lost, representing the loss of only approximately 5.5% and 7.2%, respectively, of the entire lifespan from birth. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence results in the loss of a considerable number of years-of-life, especially for younger patients. In recent years, the increased possibility of effectively treating this tumour has improved life expectancy, thus reducing years-of-life lost

PROFITABILITAS BERBASIS PERPUTARAN MODAL KERJA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk menganalisis realisasi pengelolaan sumber dan penggunaan dana dalam menjalankan operasional bisnis; (2) Untuk menganalisis tingkat stabilitas keuangan perusahaan dalam mencapai efektifitas pengelolaan keuangan perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk, pada periode 2018-2019. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah (1) analisis rasio; (2) analisis sumber dan penggunaan dana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Penggunaan dana masih jauh lebih besar dari pada sumber dana; (2) Rasio yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu rasio Likuiditas dan rasio profiltabilitas menunjukkan penurunan dari tahun 2018 ke tahun 2019 (3) Tingkat stabilitas keuangan berlum tercapai. Kata Kunci: Sumber dan Penggunaan Dana, Stabilitas Keuanga

Psychological Injuries at Work - What Every Manager Should Know

A psychological injury is a diagnosable illness that affects a person’s thinking, emotional state and behavior. It can disrupt their ability to work and carry out other daily activities, and to engage in satisfying personal relationships. Unlike a physical injury, a psychological injury cannot be easily recognized and understood. This research document is a conceptual work, which tries to define and isolate stress and stress related injuries, as well as psychological injuries at work. Such an understanding would help the top management to cater and prevent injuries of such extent. Based on literature, a model has been developed for the study and the research document has defined “Psychological injury as an employee’s explicit manifestation of distress in the form of affective behavioral and cognitive dysfunction in work context”. This research document can be considered a seminal work done in Indian context. This works gains importance in the light of increasing number of lawsuits in Indian courts on work- related stress and agony. India still does not have any laws that deal with emotional health and stress related injuries at work or psychological injuries as compared to other countries like Canada, U.K and the U.

The Intensity of Childhood Trauma Has No Impact on The Cognitive Development of Decision-Making Style to be Exhibited in Adulthood

The literature clearly shows that childhood experiences, specifically those of trauma, have an impact on cognitive development. However, it remains unclear exactly how trauma influences the way in which high order cognitive processes, including decision-making are manifested in adulthood. Improving our understanding of the role childhood trauma has in the development of specific cognitive processes will aid in developing improved interventions and practices in the realm of childhood trauma. Here we investigated the relationship between intensity of childhood trauma, age of traumatic event, intensity of confiding in someone at the time of the traumatic event, and general decision-making style in adulthood. Participants completed the childhood traumatic events scale (CTES; Pennebaker & Susman, 2013), and decision-making style in adulthood (GDMS; Scott & Bruce, 1995). Intuitive decision-making style was most frequently seen, however no significant effect of intensity of childhood trauma, age, confiding on decision-making style in adulthood was observed. These findings indicate that intensity of childhood trauma may not impact the way in which decision-making develops