Helve'tweet: exploration d'un million de tweets géolocalisés en Suisse, février-août 2017

Réseau social utilisé activement par 8% de la population suisse, Twitter permet à ses utilisateurs de géolocaliser leurs messages. Cette étude exploratoire quantitative, basée sur des messages géolocalisés en Suisse écrits entre le 18 février et le 31 août 2017, fait suite au projet GEoTweet consacré aux tweets genevois en 2014-2015. Elle se propose de répondre à trois questions de recherche pour évaluer les possibilités et les limites de l’utilisation des données fournies par l’API de Twitter lors des recherches sur la Suisse, dans les domaines de la sociologie des données et des sciences de l’information. Le focus est porté plus spécifiquement sur l’exploitation des données de géolocalisation, sur la problématique de l’identification des langues et sur les critères définissant un tweet suisse dans une perspective d’archivage. Après l’introduction et la revue de littérature, le rapport présente la méthodologie utilisée, les biais identifiés et les outils créés pour les mesurer, les éviter ou du moins les minimiser. Une concordance a ainsi été créée entre les place.id de Twitter et la liste officielle des communes suisses pour pallier au caractère non vérifié (en partie obsolètes, en partie erronées) des données géographiques fournies par Twitter. Trois séries de tests ont également été menés pour vérifier la fiabilité de l’algorithme de reconnaissance de langue de Twitter pour l’échantillon. Ils montrent une marge d’erreur de 4,25% sur les grandes langues européennes, mais qui peut monter jusqu’à 92% pour une langue « exotique » comme l’indonésien. Les analyses des tweets et des twittos ont permis de dégager des résultats importants. D’une part, elles montrent les fortes variations de leur nombre et de leur diversité linguistique à travers l’espace et le temps (p.ex. plus de comptes actifs en Suisse alémanique, mais plus de tweets en français dans l’ensemble ; plus de tweets pendant les périodes de vacances, mais baisse de la proportion des tweets et des twittos en langues nationales et en anglais). D’autre part la durée et l’étendue géographique de leur activité sont très variables (p.ex. 82% des comptes avec moins de 10 tweets, 68% actifs pendant un seul mois et 71% dans un seul canton). Des hypothèses ont été formulées et vérifiées pour expliquer ces résultats qui relèvent de la propension élevée des germanophones à twitter en anglais et de l’effet positif des loisirs sur l’envie et l’opportunité de twitter avec géolocalisation. Dans la dernière partie, l’étude propose des pistes afin d’établir des critères pour reconnaître un tweet suisse, en se basant sur les analyses menées préalablement ainsi que sur les expériences menées dans d’autres pays du monde. Le contexte international et suisse de l’archivage des tweets est abordé, sans prétention de vouloir proposer une méthode, au vu de la complexité des enjeux sociologiques, techniques et légaux

Seal of transparency heritage in the CISMeF quality-controlled health gateway

BACKGROUND: It is an absolute necessity to continually assess the quality of health information on the Internet. Quality-controlled subject gateways are Internet services which apply a selected set of targeted measures to support systematic resource discovery. METHODS: The CISMeF health gateway became a contributor to the MedCIRCLE project to evaluate 270 health information providers. The transparency heritage consists of using the evaluation performed on providers that are referenced in the CISMeF catalogue for evaluating the documents they publish, thus passing on the transparency label from the publishers to their documents. RESULTS: Each site rated in CISMeF has a record in the CISMeF database that generates an RDF into HTML file. The search tool Doc'CISMeF displays information originating from every publisher evaluated with a specific MedCIRCLE button, which is linked to the MedCIRCLE central repository. Starting with 270 websites, this trust heritage has led to 6,480 evaluated resources in CISMeF (49.8% of the 13,012 resources included in CISMeF). CONCLUSION: With the MedCIRCLE project and transparency heritage, CISMeF became an explicit third party

Experiences from the ImageCLEF Medical Retrieval and Annotation Tasks

The medical tasks in ImageCLEF have been run every year from 2004-2018 and many different tasks and data sets have been used over these years. The created resources are being used by many researchers well beyond the actual evaluation campaigns and are allowing to compare the performance of many techniques on the same grounds and in a reproducible way. Many of the larger data sets are from the medical literature, as such images are easier to obtain and to share than clinical data, which was used in a few smaller ImageCLEF challenges that are specifically marked with the disease type and anatomic region. This chapter describes the main results of the various tasks over the years, including data, participants, types of tasks evaluated and also the lessons learned in organizing such tasks for the scientific community

Khresmoi: Multimodal Multilingual Medical Information Search

Khresmoi is a European Integrated Project developing a multilingual multimodal search and access system for medical and health information and documents. It addresses the challenges of searching through huge amounts of medical data, including general medical information available on the internet, as well as radiology data in hospital archives. It is developing novel semantic search and visual search techniques for the medical domain. At the MIE Village of the Future, Khresmoi proposes to have two interactive demonstrations of the system under development, as well as an overview oral presentation and potentially some poster presentation

Khresmoi – multilingual semantic search of medical text and images

The Khresmoi project is developing a multilingual multimodal search and access system for medical and health information and documents. This scientific demonstration presents the current state of the Khresmoi integrated system, which includes components for text and image annotation, semantic search, search by image similarity and machine translation. The flexibility in adapting the system to varying requirements for different types of medical information search is demonstrated through two instantiations of the system, one aimed at medical professionals in general and the second aimed at radiologists. The key innovations of the Khresmoi system are the integration of multiple software components in a flexible scalable medical search system, the use of annotation cycles including manual correction to improve semantic search, and the possibility to do large scale visual similarity search on 2D and 3D (CT, MR) medical images

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article

Health search engine with e-document analysis for reliable search results

Objective: After a review of the existing practical solution available to the citizen to retrieve eHealth document, the paper describes an original specialized search engine WRAPIN. Method: WRAPIN uses advanced cross Lingual information retrieval technologies to check information quality by synthesizing medical concepts, conclusions and references contained in the health literature, to identify accurate, relevant sources. Thanks to MeSH terminology [1] (Medical Subject Headings from the U.S. National Library of Medicine) and advanced approaches such as conclusion extraction from structured document, reformulation of the query, WRAPIN offers to the user a privileged access to navigate through multilingual documents without Language or medical prerequisites. Results: The results of an evaluation conducted on the WRAPIN prototype show that results of the WRAPIN search engine are perceived as informative 65% (59% for a general-purpose search engine), reliable and trustworthy 72% (41% for the other engine) by users. But it leaves room for improvement such as the increase of database coverage, the explanation of the original functionalities and an audience adaptability. Conclusion: Thanks to evaluation outcomes, WRAPIN is now in exploitation on the HON web site (http://www.healthonnet.org), free of charge. Intended to the citizen it is a good alternative to general-purpose search engines when the user looks up trustworthy health and medical information or wants to check automatically a doubtful content of a Web page. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved