Mechanization level of the farms in Eğirdir district

Bu araştırmada, Isparta ili Eğirdir ilçesi tarım işletmelerinin tarımsal yapı ve mekanizasyon düzeyinin belirlenerek bir veri tabanının oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Örnek köy ve işletme sayısını belirlemek için tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örnek köy ve işletmelerin seçildiği populasyonda 29 köy ve 2709 işletme bulunmaktadır. Neyman Yöntemi'ne göre 14 köy ve 110 işletme ile çalışılması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler 110 işletmeden yüz yüze anket ve gözlem yolu ile elde edilmiştir. Anket verileri 2004 yılını kapsamaktadır.Araştırma alanında işletme başına düşen traktör adedi 0.79, tarım makinesi adedi 4.70 ve traktör başına düşen tarım makinesi 5.17 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırma alanında ortalama traktör gücü 34.92 kW, ekilen alana düşen traktör gücü 10.77 kW/ha, 1000 ha alana düşen traktör sayısı 308.32 adet, bir traktöre düşen ekilen alan 3.24 ha, traktör başına düşen makine kütlesi 2.47 ton ve yıllık traktör kullanım süresi de ortalama 380.65 h/yıl olarak saptanmıştır. İşletmelere göre değişmekle birlikte, ortalama işletme büyüklüğünün 30.45 da, işletme başına düşen parsel sayısının 3.58 adet, parsel büyüklüğünün 8.50 da olduğu işletme arazilerinin %45.22'sinde bahçe bitkileri üretiminin yapıldığı ve ürün deseni içinde elma alanının %43.65 pay ile ilk sırayı aldığı belirlenmiştir.The research has been conducted to establish database determining agricultural structure and mechanization level of farms in Eğirdir district of Isparta province. The stratified sampling method was used to determine the number of sample villages and farms. These are 29 villages and 2709 farms in the population that sample villages and farms were selected. 14 villages and 110 farms were selected boned on Neyman method. The data obtained from research were collected from 110 different farms by face to face questionnaires and special observations. The data from questionnaires covers for the period of 2004 production season. The number of tractor per farms surveyed in the research area was found to be 0.79 and the number of agricultural machinery per tractor was 5.17. In the research area, the average tractor power was determined as 34.92 kW, tractor power per cultivated area (ha) was 10.77 kW/ha, the number of tractor per 1000 ha 308.32, cultivated area for each tractor was 3.24 ha, mass of agricultural machine for each tractor was 2.47 tons, and yearly tractor usage was 380.65 hours. It was found that average farm size, parcel per farm and parcel size were 30.45 da, 3.58 units and 8.50 da, respectively. The ratio of garden plants crops sown area was about 45.22 % in the farms, and the highest value was about 43.65 % for the apple area

A semi-analytic method with an effect of memory for solving fractional differential equations

In this paper, we propose a new modification of the multistage generalized differential transform method (MsGDTM) for solving fractional differential equations. In MsGDTM, it is the key how to impose an initial condition in each sub-domain to obtain an accurate approximate solution. In several literature works (Odibat et al. in Comput. Math. Appl. 59:1462-1472, 2010; Alomari in Comput. Math. Appl. 61:2528-2534, 2011; Gokdoğan et al. in Math. Comput. Model. 54:2132-2138, 2011), authors have updated an initial condition in each sub-domain by using the approximate solution in the previous sub-domain. However, we point out that this approach is hard to apply an effect of memory which is the basic property of fractional differential equations. Here we provide a new algorithm to impose the initial conditions by using the integral operator that enhances accuracy. Several illustrative examples are demonstrated, and it is shown that the proposed technique is robust and accurate for solving fractional differential equations.close0

Fatty acid composition and biogenic amines in acidified and fermented fish silage: a comparison study

PubMedID: 26635094In the presented study, ensiling of discard fish by acidification or fermentation was evaluated. Klunzinger’s ponyfish which is a discard fish was used for the production of fish silage by acidification (3% formic acid for Method FA; 1.5% formic and 1.5% sulphuric acid for Method FASA) and fermentation (Lactobacillus plantarum for Method LP and Streptococcus thermophilus for Method ST). The chemical, microbiological and nutritional properties of the differently preserved fish silages were estimated during a storage period of 60 d at ambient temperature. Compared to the raw material, a slight increase in saturated fatty acids and a slight decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed in all silages. At the end of the storage period, the aerobic bacteria counts after applying Methods FA, FASA, LP and ST amounted to 2.35, 2.39, 5.77 and 5.43 log cfu/g, respectively. The analysis of thiobarbituric acid revealed that acidification of silages accelerated the lipid oxidation. Nine biogenic amines were found in raw fish and different silages. The initial histamine concentration in raw fish was 0.17 mg/100 g and in all silages it remained at low levels during the storage period. The initial tyramine content was found to be 1.56 mg/100 g in raw fish and increased significantly in all silages. The increase of the tyramine content in fermented silages was considerably higher than in acidified silages (23–48 mg/100 g and 5–10 mg/100 g, respectively). It can be concluded that acidified or fermented fish silage should be considered as potential feed component for animals because of its high nutritional value and appropriate microbiological and chemical quality. © 2015 Taylor & Francis