1,151 research outputs found
Manifestation of finite temperature size effects in nanogranular magnetic graphite
In addition to the double phase transition (with the Curie temperatures
T_C=300K and T_{Ct}=144K), a low-temperature anomaly in the dependence of the
magnetization is observed in the bulk magnetic graphite (with an average
granular size of L=10nm), which is attributed to manifestation of the size
effects below the quantum temperature. The best fits of the high-temperature
data (using the mean-field Curie-Weiss and Bloch expressions) produced
reasonable estimates for the model parameters, such as defects mediated
effective spin exchange energy J=12meV (which defines the intragranular Curie
temperature T_C) and proximity mediated interactions between neighboring grains
(through potential barriers created by thin layers of non-magnetic graphite)
with energy J_t=exp(-d/s)J=5.8meV (which defines the intergranular Curie
temperature T_{Ct}) with d=1.5nm and s=2nm being the intergranular distance and
characteristic length, respectively
Effect of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation on the Voltage Magnitude in a Self-Contained Power Supply System
A promising way to increase the technical and economic characteristics of standalone power supply systems is to incorporate renewable energy installations in their structure. This saves fuel and extends the operational life of diesel power stations. The most common option is a hybrid system with photovoltaic power stations incorporated into the local network of the diesel power station. This paper deals with the dependence of the deflection voltage and power losses in the electric power transmission line on the graphs of electrical loads, the parameters of elements of the power supply system, connection points and the capacity of distributed photovoltaic power stations. Research has been carried out on the common low-voltage power supply systems of the radial type (0.4 kV) with an installed capacity of up to 100 kW. The studies have been conducted by simulating the operating modes of hybrid power systems of various configurations. As a result of these studies recommendations to reduce losses and voltage variations in the network by selecting the power and photovoltaic power connection points have been put forward
Operation modes of a hydro-generator as a part of the inverter micro hydropower plant
The paper dwells on the selection problem of power equipment for a stand-alone inverter micro hydropower plant, in particular a hydro-generator, and evaluation of its operation modes. Numerical experiments included the modes calculation of hydroelectric units of the same type with various nominal power, supplied to the consumer according to the unchanged electric load curve. The studies developed requirements for a hydro-turbine and a synchronous generator in terms of a speed range and installed capacity, depending on the load curve. The possibility of using general industrial hydroelectric units with nominal power equal to half-maximum capacity of a typical daily load curve in rural areas was shown
Emergence of magnetism in graphene materials and nanostructures
Magnetic materials and nanostructures based on carbon offer unique
opportunities for future technological applications such as spintronics. This
article reviews graphene-derived systems in which magnetic correlations emerge
as a result of reduced dimensions, disorder and other possible scenarios. In
particular, zero-dimensional graphene nanofragments, one-dimensional graphene
nanoribbons, and defect-induced magnetism in graphene and graphite are covered.
Possible physical mechanisms of the emergence of magnetism in these systems are
illustrated with the help of computational examples based on simple model
Hamiltonians. In addition, this review covers spin transport properties,
proposed designs of graphene-based spintronic devices, magnetic ordering at
finite temperatures as well as the most recent experimental achievements.Comment: tutorial-style review article -- 18 pages, 19 figure
High-temperature ferromagnetism of electrons in narrow impurity bands: Application to CaB
Ferromagnetism with high Curie temperature , well above room
temperature, and very small saturation moment has been reported in various
carbon and boron systems. It is argued that the magnetization must be very
inhomogeneous with only a small fraction of the sample ferromagnetically
ordered. It is shown that a possible source of high within the
ferromagnetic regions is itinerant electrons occupying a narrow impurity band.
Correlation effects do not reduce the effective interaction which enters the
Stoner criterion in the same way as in a bulk band. It is also shown how, in
the impurity band case, spin wave excitations may not be effective in lowering
below its value given by Stoner theory. These ideas are applied to
CaB and a thorough review of the experimental situation in this material is
given. It is suggested that the intrinsic magnetism of the B and O
dimers might be exploited in suitable structures containing these elements.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figure
The Contribution of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Ferrogel Biophysical Properties
Iron oxide gamma-Fe(2)O(3 )magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were fabricated by laser target evaporation technique (LTE) and their structure and magnetic properties were studied. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) gels with different cross-linking density of the polymer network and polyacrylamide-based ferrogel with embedded LTE MNPs (0.34 wt.%) were synthesized. Their adhesive and proliferative potential with respect to human dermal fibroblasts were studied. At the same value of Young modulus, the adhesive and proliferative activities of the human dermal fibroblasts on the surface of ferrogel were unexpectedly much higher in comparison with the surface of PAAm gel. Properties of PAAm-100 + gamma-Fe2O3 MNPs composites were discussed with focus on creation of a new generation of drug delivery systems combined in multifunctional devices, including magnetic field assisted delivery, positioning, and biosensing. Although exact applications are still under development, the obtained results show a high potential of LTE MNPs to be applied for cellular technologies and tissue engineering. PAAm-100 ferrogel with very low concentration of gamma-Fe2O3 MNPs results in significant improvement of the cells' compatibility to the gel-based scaffold
Localized States at Zigzag Edges of Multilayer Graphene and Graphite Steps
We report the existence of zero energy surface states localized at zigzag
edges of -layer graphene. Working within the tight-binding approximation,
and using the simplest nearest-neighbor model, we derive the analytic solution
for the wavefunctions of these peculiar surface states. It is shown that zero
energy edge states in multilayer graphene can be divided into three families:
(i) states living only on a single plane, equivalent to surface states in
monolayer graphene; (ii) states with finite amplitude over the two last, or the
two first layers of the stack, equivalent to surface states in bilayer
graphene; (iii) states with finite amplitude over three consecutive layers.
Multilayer graphene edge states are shown to be robust to the inclusion of the
next nearest-neighbor interlayer hopping. We generalize the edge state solution
to the case of graphite steps with zigzag edges, and show that edge states
measured through scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of graphite
steps belong to family (i) or (ii) mentioned above, depending on the way the
top layer is cut.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
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