Quality of Banking Services in Libyan Banks

Against the background of growing competition in the global marketplace, understanding customers, is a significant aspect of marketing. In the search for competitive advantage, there is a need to measure service quality to better understand its antecedents and consequences, and establish methods for its improvement. In the Libyan economy, the banking sector is one of the most important. Its significance increased after the 2003 lifting of the United Nations sanction. This was followed by entry to the sector of a number of domestic and multinational firms. Despite this increased competition, domestic banks are still widely considered to suffer from low levels of service quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the actual level of service quality provided by Libyan public commercial banks as perceived by their customers. A modified SERVQUAL model was developed to measure service quality in Libyan commercial public banks. The resulting instrument is intended to help these banks to measure their service quality and focus on the service quality dimensions of most importance to their customers. It also aimed to gain an understanding of cultural and environmental influences on service quality in the Libyan banking sector, and their effect on banking management practices. It is also expected that this instrument, and its results, will contribute to future research into service quality. The findings of the present study have produced some important results. Firstly, the level of service quality offered by the Libyan public commercial banks as it was perceived by their customers was relatively high. Secondly, the theoretical five-factor structure of the SERVQUAL model was not confirmed in the Libyan banking context, and the service quality structure in the Libyan context appears to be four-dimensional. Furthermore, the study offers suggestions to banking managers to allocate their resources more efficiently to the most important dimensions, i. e. reliability and tangibles, to improve service quality, since the factor analysis indicates that these are the most important dimensions to customers. Finally, reflections on the methods used to modify SERVQUAL to make it more sensitive to a particular cultural context have implications for future researchers in terms of methodology, method and data analysis

Quality of banking services in Lybian banks

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On Geodesics of 3D Surfaces of Rotations in Euclidean and Minkowskian Spaces

In this paper we review geodesics onnbsp surfaces of revolution in classical differential geometry, and prove thenbsp analogous result in three-dimensional Minowski space which does have three types of surfaces of rotations [9]. So there are three types of geodesics on those surfaces.nbsp Then we introduce some examples explicitly in both cases the usual one which Euclidean space and the cases of Minkowskian spaces considering a time-like geodesic. And then we visualize some geodesics on those surfaces using Maple. Which showing how the Euclidean and Minkowskian geodesics are differ

Selective harmonics elimination technique in single phase unipolar H -bridge inverter

Specific odd harmonics can be mitigated by operating the semiconductor switches in H-bridge inverters at optimized switching angles of the PWM signals. These switching angles can be achieved by deriving a set of nonlinear equations using Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHE-PWM) technique. Modulation index (ma) is a significant parameter used to control the amplitude of the fundamental output voltage of DC-AC inverter. By changing the value of modulation index the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) also will change. In this paper, the performance of single phase H-bridge inverter using SHE-PWM scheme with varying the modulation index is evaluated. In order to achieve a minimum THD, a different number of nonlinear equations are used to calculate the switching angles. The performance of a single phase H-bridge inverter is simulated in Matlab-Simulink

Low spikes and low harmonic distortion multilevel inverter for induction motor implementation

Different Modulation techniques are suggested for use in electronic converters’ applications for getting minimized Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). One of such techniques a Selective Harmonics Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHE-PWM) scheme. Specific odd harmonics can be mitigated by operating the semiconductor switches in H-bridge inverters at optimized switching angles of the PWM signals. These switching angles are determined by calculating a set of nonlinear equations. Multilevel converters operated by PWM, suffer from the issue of harmonic spikes in the output voltage. In this paper, an improved scheme of SHE-PWM is proposed for multilevel converter to mitigate THD and supress the harmonic spikes of the system. To investigate and confirm the proposed technique, a five-level cascade multilevel inverter is simulated, and experimentally implemented. It is seen that the simulation results are verified experimentally by eliminating low- order harmoinics in getting a THD of 23.20% without using filter. The experimental results of the developed multilevel converer is validated with the simulation results under different performance conditions which show a complete agreement between them in terms of shapes and values

Stepped waveform generation for multilevel inverter topology applications

This paper presents a review of the various inverter topologies, showing their utility in generating stepped waveform. The role of the PWM is highlighted in the operation of inverter for generating stepped-wave forms. The results show how similarly generated PWM used by different topologies can result into a stepped-waveform output capable of producing and AC closer to single fundamental component of 50Hz. The total harmonic Distortion (THD) is given for each set of simulation result with a relatively marked, though marginal utility, of the PWM use