The Local Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Coupled Unsaturated Flow and Chemical Transport in Porous Media

Abstract The local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method offers many advantages over conventional finite element solutions of transport and mechanics problems in soils, namely more accurate simulation of sharp fronts, easier representation of domain discontinuities, algorithms that are more suited to h and p adaptivities and better mass balances between elements. The LDG has been applied to a large number of problems in soils, saturated and unsaturated, including the Richard's equation, diffusion-advection equation and elastic and non-elastic mechanics. However, its application to coupled problems in porous media is much less widespread. When it has been used to solve problems such as poro-elasticity [1,2] and thermo-elasticity Multiphase thermo-chemo-hydro-mechanical problems frequently occur in problems of waste management and groundwater quality. A number of engineering material and subsurface environments experience unsaturated conditions where both air and water are present in the pores, with or without thermal gradients (e.g. exothermally decaying waste over clay liners, solar ponds, brine ponds). This paper presents an LDG solution to the problem of hydro-chemical transport in an undeformable, threephase medium containing solid, water and air. We build a weak formulation of the non-linear coupled equations of water flow (Richards' equation) and chemical transport (diffusion-advection equation), in terms of the incremental variables. We present results for the one-dimensional, steady-state case. We implement both linear and higher order elements. We validate the formulation by comparing its predictions to known analytical solutions. We compare the performance of the LDG to that of a continuous Galerkin variant, and identify conditions under which the former is superior to the latter. The work is a prelude for the development of an hp adaptive 2 LDG solution to the problem of multi-phase chemo-poro-elasticity in multiple dimensions and its application to the solution of problems of environmental containment systems based on compacted and geosynthetic clay liners

The Effect of Guidance Booklet on Discharged Mothers of Children with Respiratory Tract Infection

Aim of the study to evaluate the effect of guidance booklet on discharged mothers of children with respiratory tract infection through: Identifying mothers' needs, developing guidance booklet of discharge according to mothers' needs and evaluating the effect of guidance booklet on the mothers. Design This study was a quasi experimental design. Setting This study was conducted in El- Menoufya University Hospital (Egypt) and El-Basher Hospital (Jordan) Sample Convenience sample of 80 mothers having children suffering from respiratory tract infection (40 mothers from each setting). Tools Data were collected through an interviewing questionnaire to assess socio-demographic data for mothers and their children, mothers' knowledge about respiratory disease, importance of nutrition and fluids. Mother’s practices by asking questions concerning hygienic measures and medications and practices through observation check-list based on modified Getting Ready for Discharge Checklist regarding, temperature measurement and tap compresses for their children. Results revealed that the statistical significant improvements (P<0.01) in mother’s knowledge and practices after giving the guidance booklet in both groups. There was improvement in hand washing procedure, nutritional importance, type of fluids given and importance of medication there was a statistically significant improvement after the guidance booklet of discharge instructions in both groups. Key Terms: guidance booklet of discharge, Respiratory infection, mother

Composition corporelle de poulets « Cou nu » ou normalement emplumés selon le taux protéique de la ration

International audienc

Aspects of topology of condensates and knotted solitons in condensed matter systems

The knotted solitons introduced by Faddeev and Niemi is presently a subject of great interest in particle and mathematical physics. In this paper we give a condensed matter interpretation of the recent results of Faddeev and Niemi.Comment: v2: Added a reference to the paper E. Babaev, L.D. Faddeev and A.J. Niemi cond-mat/0106152 where an exact equivalence was shown between the two-condensate Ginzburg-Landau model and a version of Faddeev model. Miscelaneous links related to knotted solitons are available at the author homepage at http://www.teorfys.uu.se/PEOPLE/egor/ . Animations of knotted solitons by Hietarinta and Salo are available at http://users.utu.fi/h/hietarin/knots/c45_p2.mp

Gène Cou nu et performances de croissance de poulets à deux saisons différentes en Egypte

Dans deux croisements différents présentant une ségrégation au locus Na, l’un éclos en octobre 1978, l’autre en avril 1980, la croissance a été comparée en élevage au sol jusqu’à 12 semaines au Caire. La comparaison, dans le premier cas, portait sur les 3 génotypes Na Na, Na na+ (cou nu) et na+ na+ (plumage normal), et, dans le second cas, seulement sur les génotypes Na na+ et na+ na+. En automne 1978, les différences de croissance entre génotypes sont faibles, avec un léger avantage de poids pour les poulets à plumage normal à 4 et 8 semaines. Par contre, au printemps 1980, à partir de 8 semaines et jusqu’à 12 semaines d’âge, les hétérozygotes « cou nu » montrent un avantage pondéral sur les poulets à plumage normal de l’ordre de 11 p. 100 chez les mâles et 9 p. 100 chez les femelles. La différence importante des températures moyennes entre les deux saisons et le rapprochement avec des résultats antérieurs à température contrôlée suggèrent que l’avantage du génotype Na na+ correspond à une meilleure thermotolérance en période de croissance.In two different crosses segregating at Na locus, one hatched in octobre 1978, the other in april 1980, growth was compared in floor pens till 12 weeks of age in Cairo. The comparison included in the first case the three genotypes Na Na, Na na+ (naked neck) and na+ na+ (normal plumage). In the second case, only Na na+ and na+ na+ genotypes were available. In autumn 1978, growth differences between genotypes showed only a slight advantage at 4 and 8 weeks for chicks with normal plumage. On the contrary, in spring 1980 from 8 weeks to 12 weeks of age, naked neck heterozygotes compared to na+ na+ chicks show a body weight about 11 p. 100 superior in males and 9 p. 100 in females. The large difference in mean ambient temperatures between the two seasons as well as the apparent similarity with former results obtained at controlled temperature suggest that this advantage of the Nana+ genotype corresponds to a better heat tolerance during the growth period