A Preliminary Note on Some Nutritional Requirements for Reproduction in Female Aedes Aegypti

Author Institution: Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 1

A Preliminary Note on Egg Production from Milk-Fed Mosquitoes

Author Institution: Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 1

When the ICC Comes Knocking, the United States Should Welcome It with Open Arms

The Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court requested approval to open a formal investigation into war crimes and crimes against humanity allegedly committed in Afghanistan since May 2003. If the investigation is approved, the United States will have significant implications not only for relations going forward between the United States and the ICC, but also for the international communities\u27 understanding of the Court\u27s jurisdiction.Three of the United States\u27 likely response options based on its past and current relationshipo with the ICC include: (1) declining to cooperate with the ICC based on a denial of jurisdiction due to a lack of U.S. consent; (2) negating the ICC s jurisdiction on the basis that the situation is inadmissible to the Court pursuant to the doctrine of complementarity; or (3) contesting the ICC\u27s jurisdiction as precluded by binding agreements made between the United States and Afghanistan. Each of these responses find footing in legal arguments centered on the tension between international jurisdiction and sovereignty. However, waiving jurisdictional challenges specific to this investigation, the United States has a fourth option: compliance. Although unlikely to actualize, this course would position the United States as a global leader for human rights, bolster any future efforts to enforce prosecution against international criminals, and provide much needed recourse to victims of war crimes

A survey to determine the present status of college radio workshops

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, 1949. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Culture and communication in ethically appropriate care

yesThis article considers the difficulties with using Gillon's model for health care ethics in the context of clinical practice. Everyday difficulties can arise when caring for people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, especially when they speak little or no English. A case is presented that establishes, owing to language and cultural barriers, that midwives may have difficulty in providing ethically appropriate care to women of Pakistani Muslim origin in the UK. The use of interpreters is discussed; however, there are limitations and counter arguments to their use. Training is identified as needed to prepare service providers and midwives for meeting the needs of a culturally diverse maternity population

Factors that Affect the Surgical Decision-making Process among Women with Breast Cancer

There are multiple factors that influence surgical treatment decision making at the time of diagnosis for women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify these factors that may be related to the surgical choice made in the treatment of breast cancer by women. Gaps in the existing research literature revealed a lack of prospective (pre-surgical) studies. The proposed study addresses this gap by focusing on pre-surgical decision making regarding the various factors that impact why women choose mastectomy when the stage of and type of their cancer allows breast conserving surgery as an option. This prospective, mixed mode design was conducted in a mid-Michigan oncology private practice setting. The purposive sample included a total of 10 participants, 3 scheduled for modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery and the other 7 scheduled for breast conserving surgery (BCS). A Factor List developed by Ward and colleagues (1989) was adapted to use in content analysis of narrative data from an open-ended question for participants' thoughts and feelings about their surgical treatment decisions. Results revealed most participants were ≤60 years of age, Caucasian, married, employed, and had full coverage health insurance. The following content analysis findings were consistent with previous post-op findings. Among the 10 participants, 90% stated that their physician's opinion was an impact in surgical treatment choice. Fear of side effects from chemo and radiation, length of recovery, and fear of recurrence were also discovered as influences regarding type of surgical treatment chosen. In addition, 10 new factors/themes emerged including fear (nonspecified) (60%), involved support system (60%), information given (40%), personal decision (30%) and strong faith/spirituality beliefs (30%). Other factors/themes (10-20%) were previous experience with someone with breast cancer, guidance from the nurse navigator, trust (nonspecified), age, and fear of subsequent surgeries. Fisher's Exact test revealed no significant relationship between type of surgery (MRM, BCS) and actual breast satisfaction ratings by participants. There was no significant relationship between demographic variables and breast satisfaction. Findings are beneficial to nurse practitioners and other health care providers who can enhance their understanding about the experience women go through during this difficult time, and may ultimately facilitate the surgical treatment decision making process for patients with breast cancer.Master'sSchool of Health Professions and Studies: NursingUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117696/1/Dimond.pd

The role of the smartphone in the transition from medical student to foundation trainee: a qualitative interview and focus group study

Background The transition from medical student to junior doctor is one of the most challenging in medicine, affecting both doctor and patient health. Opportunities to support this transition have arisen from advances in mobile technology and increased smartphone ownership. Methods This qualitative study consisted of six in-depth interviews and two focus groups with Foundation Year 1 Trainees (intern doctors) and final year medical students within the same NHS Trust. A convenience sample of 14 participants was recruited using chain sampling. Interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim, analysed in accordance with thematic analysis and presented below in keeping with the standards for reporting qualitative research. Results Participants represented both high and low intensity users. They used their smartphones to support their prescribing practices, especially antimicrobials through the MicroGuide™ app. Instant messaging, via WhatsApp, contributed to the existing bleep system, allowing coordination of both work and learning opportunities across place and time. Clinical photographs were recognised as being against regulations but there had still been occasions of use despite this. Concerns about public and colleague perceptions were important to both students and doctors, with participants describing various tactics employed to successfully integrate phone use into their practices. Conclusion This study suggests that both final year medical students and foundation trainees use smartphones in everyday practice. Medical schools and healthcare institutions should seek to integrate such use into core curricula/training to enable safe and effective use and further ease the transition to foundation training. We recommend juniors are reminded of the potential risks to patient confidentiality associated with smartphone use

Predictive genetic testing for Huntington's disease: Exploring participant experiences of uncertainty and ambivalence between clinic appointments

Ambivalence and uncertainty are key themes throughout the psychology of healthcare literature. This is especially so for individuals at risk of Huntington's disease (HD) deliberating the decision to undergo genetic testing because there is currently no treatment that modifies disease progression. A better understanding of the experience of making a decision about genetic prediction will help practitioners support and guide individuals through this process. Our aim was to capture participants' experiences of uncertainty and ambivalence in between their genetic counseling appointments. We explored these issues through the experiences of nine participants who were referred for predictive HD testing at four regional genetics services in England and Wales. Data consisted of recordings of clinic consultations, diaries, and an in‐depth interview conducted at the end of the testing process. Data were analyzed thematically. Four themes were identified representing four possible futures, each future dependent on the decision to undergo testing and the result of that test. Our results showed that participants, as well as attending more to a future that represents their current situation of not having undergone predictive testing, also attended more to a distant future where a positive predictive result is received and symptoms have started. Participants attended less to the two futures that were more immediate once testing was undertaken (a future where a positive result is received and symptoms have not started and a future where a negative result is received). The use of diaries gave us a unique insight into these participants' experiences of ambivalence and uncertainty, psychological distress, and the emotional burden experienced. These findings help inform discussions within the clinic appointment as well as encourage researchers to consider diary use as a method of exploring what happens for individuals outside of clinical encounters

Drug-induced loss of imprinting revealed using bioluminescent reporters of Cdkn1c.

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetically mediated mechanism that regulates allelic expression of genes based upon parent-of-origin and provides a paradigm for studying epigenetic silencing and release. Here, bioluminescent reporters for the maternally-expressed imprinted gene Cdkn1c are used to examine the capacity of chromatin-modifying drugs to reverse paternal Cdkn1c silencing. Exposure of reporter mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to 5-Azacytidine, HDAC inhibitors, BET inhibitors or GSK-J4 (KDM6A/B inhibitor) relieved repression of paternal Cdkn1c, either selectively or by inducing biallelic effects. Treatment of reporter fibroblasts with HDAC inhibitors or GSK-J4 resulted in similar paternal Cdkn1c activation, whereas BET inhibitor-induced loss of imprinting was specific to mESCs. Changes in allelic expression were generally not sustained in dividing cultures upon drug removal, indicating that the underlying epigenetic memory of silencing was maintained. In contrast, Cdkn1c de-repression by GSK-J4 was retained in both mESCs and fibroblasts following inhibitor removal, although this impact may be linked to cellular stress and DNA damage. Taken together, these data introduce bioluminescent reporter cells as tools for studying epigenetic silencing and disruption, and demonstrate that Cdkn1c imprinting requires distinct and cell-type specific chromatin features and modifying enzymes to enact and propagate a memory of silencing