14 research outputs found
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Underwriting Apophenia and Cryptids: Are Cycles Statistical Figments of our Imagination?
This paper re-examines the evidence in favour of the existence of underwriting cycles in property and casualty insurance and their economical significance. Using a meta-analysis of published papers in the area of insurance economics, we show that the evidence supporting the existence of underwriting cycles is misleading. There is, in fact, little evidence in favour of insurance cycles with a linear autoregressive character. This means that any cyclicality in firm profitability in the property and casualty insurance industry is not predictable in a classical econometric framework. It follows that pricing in the property and casualty insurance industry is not incompatible with that of a competitive market
Catalysis Research of Relevance to Carbon Management: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
Effets pro-vieillissement dâun rĂ©gime hyperipidique sur la fonctionnalitĂ© dâune cible thĂ©rapeutique neuronale dâintĂ©rĂȘt dans la maladie dâAlzheimer
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Addition of Acetylenes to Olefins. Oxidative Coupling versus [2+2] Cycloaddition to a Vinylidene Intermediate
Production of acrylic acid through nickel-mediated coupling of ethylene and carbon dioxide - A DFT study
Copyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyThe production of acrylic acid (CHâ=HCOâH) via homogeneous nickel-mediated coupling of ethylene (CHâ=Hâ) and carbon dioxide (COâ) is industrially unattractive at present due to its stoichiometric, rather than catalytic, reaction profile. We utilize density functional theory (DFT) to describe the potential energy surface for both the nickel-mediated coupling reaction and an intramolecular deactivation reaction reported to hinder the desired catalytic activity. The calculated route for the catalytic production of acrylic acid can be divided into three main parts, none of which contain significantly large barriers that would be expected to prohibit the overall catalytic process. Investigation of the catalyst deactivation reaction reveals that the proposed product lies +102.6 kJ molâ»Âč above the reactants, thereby ruling out this type of pathway as the cause of the noncatalytic activity. Instead, it is far more conceivable that the overall reaction thermodynamics are responsible for the lack of catalytic activity observed, with the solvation -corrected Gibbs free energy of the coupling reaction in question (i.e., CHâ=Hâ + COâ â CHâ=HCOâH) calculated to be an unfavorable +42.7 kJ molâ1.David C. Graham, Cassandra Mitchell, Michael I. Bruce, Gregory F. Metha, John H. Bowie, and Mark A. Buntin