Colorimetric change of assai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) after preservation and thermal processing of the fruit.

Amazonian areas is far from the consumer center. Those characteristics promote a decline in visual quality of the fruit at the time of commercialization and consequently of the beverage processed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the assai fruit conservation and heat treatment, usually applied before its transformation into a pulp or beverage by artisan processing. Assai fruits were collected in 2013 in Mazagão, Brazil, packed in polypropylene bags, vacuum sealed and refrigerated (8-10°C) during four days. The treatments consisted of i.) fruits packed under vacuum (T1), ii.) fruits softening with potable water at 45°C for 20 minutes before bleaching (T2), ii.) fruits which have not been softened before bleaching (T3), iii.) fruits bleached at 80°C for 10 seconds (T4) (Rogez et al., 1996) and iv.) packaged fruit pulps prepared in the presence (T5) and iv). absence of vacuum (T6). The instrumental color of fruits and pulps was evaluated by colorimeter CR- 400 Konica Minolta. Fruit pulp preserved in vacuum (T5) showed the darkest luminosity (L*29.39), well as a more reddish color (a*8.51) and also more blue (b*-4.10). Considering ?E 12.55, there was a significant difference between vacuum packed fruit (T1) and without vacuum fruit pulps (T6). Otherwise, pulps from vacuum packed fruits (T5) and ones with absence of vacuum packed fruits (T6) also presented statistical difference (?E 7.80). The highest value C* was observed in vacuum packed pulps (T5) (9.45), which presented with a brighter and stronger color than the fruit pulp without vacuum (T6) (C*7.01). Regarding H°hue, the pulp from fruits without vacuum (T6) showed higher values (H°78.36) when compared to the pulp from fruits under vacuum (T5) (H°73.84). Compared to thermal processing, bleaching was not statistically influenced by purity of the color (C*) of softened fruit pulps (T2) (C*8.50) and fruit pulps that were not softening (T3) (C*8.00). The highest total color difference was observed in the bleached pulps that were previously softened (T4) (?E12.85). Assai fruits vacuum packed retain the best attributes of drink produced. Softening of the fruit before bleaching also influences the change in color of the drink, which may represent significant quality loss for the product and value for the merchant and consumers.UP371

Reação de plantas de maracujazeiro amarelo a antracnose.

A cultura do maracujazeiro é uma das mais importantes no Estado do Pará, sendo que o maracujá amarelo representa a quase totalidade dos pomares comerciais. Esta espécie de maracujá é afetada por várias doenças que podem reduzir a produtividade, comprometer a qualidade dos frutos e provocar a morte das plantas. A antracnose se constitui na mais importante doença pós-colheita, reduzindo o período de conservação dos frutos. O uso de material genético resistente é uma alternativa efetiva no manejo de doenças de plantas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar seis híbridos intraespecíficos e quatro cultivares de maracujazeiro, quanto a severidade da antracnose. O experimento foi conduzido no campo experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições (10 plantas/parcela). As avaliações foram realizadas quinzenalmente, a partir do aparecimento dos primeiros sintomas da doença. Os seis híbridos intraespecíficos e a cultivar Golden Star apresentaram severidade da antracnose significativamente menor do que das cultivares BRS Ouro vermelho, BRS Gigante amarelo e BRS Sol do Cerrado as quais não diferiram entre si. O híbrido CCF (73/82) apresentou a menor intensidade da doença, enquanto a cultivar BRS Sol do Cerrado apresentou o maior índice de doença.PIBIC-2011

Variabilidade de isolados de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae no estado do Pará.

Edição dos resumos do 44º Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, 2011, Bento Gonçalves. Resumo 797

Geostatistics applied to evaluation of thermal conditions and noise in compost dairy barns with different ventilation systems

ArticleThe objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial distribution of thermal conditions and bed variables in compost dairy barns with different ventilation systems, through the technique of geostatistics. The experiment was conducted in April 2017, in farms located in Madre de Deus, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three facilities were evaluated with different ventilation systems: natural (NV); mechanical of low volume and high speed (LVHS); and mechanical of high volume and low speed (HVLS). The interior of the premises was divided into 40 meshes equidistant points, in which air temperature, relative humidity and air speed were manually collected. Geostatistics technique was used to assess the spatial dependence of the variables. The results showed the occurrence of dependence and spatial variability of the variables evaluated. Based on thermal comfort indexes, it was concluded that dairy cows were under stress conditions during the hottest hours of the day in the three animal facilities evaluated. The results obtained allow us to understand that the thermal environment is more influenced by the ventilation system adopted

Acibenzolar-s-metil, oxicloreto de cobre e fertilizantes foliares no controle da mancha bacteriana do maracujazeiro.

Edição dos resumos do 44º Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, 2011, Bento Gonçalves. Resumo 1172

Resistência de plantas de maracujazeiro à Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae.

Edição dos resumos do XLIII Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, Cuiabá, ago. 2010

Extratos aquosos de Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. e Morinda citrifolia Linn no controle da mancha bacteriana do maracujazeiro.

Edição dos resumos do 44º Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, 2011, Bento Gonçalves. Resumo 1244

Profitability analysis of compost barn and free stall milk-production systems: A comparison

The objective of this study was to comparatively analyse the profitability of compost barn and free stall milk-production systems as a means of helping producers and technicians choose the type of facility most suitable for each farm. Data collected from four farms from January to December 2016 were analysed; the data were distributed equally among compost barn and free stall systems. The cost of milk production was estimated according to the operating cost methodology and considering the milk production cost centre, which involved both lactating and dry cows. Additionally, gross and net margins were estimated as indicators of profitability. The results showed that the average gross and net margins were not influenced by the type of facility; they were positive in both of the production systems analysed. Among the components of the net operating cost, the proportion of the "medications" item was lower in the compost barn properties, while the cost of bedding for the cows was lower in the free stall farms. Depreciation and total operating cost were similar in the two systems. Milk sales made up a higher percentage of the revenue in the free stall farms, despite the high standard deviation, while the expectations of revenues from wastes were similar in the two production systems. Given that there were no significant economic differences between the types of facility, it is concluded that ease in management, productivity, reproductive performance, animal health (hoof injuries and mastitis), environmental issues, and availability of water and bedding material should be the motivators for choosing one system over the other.Objetivou-se analisar, comparativamente, a rentabilidade de sistemas de produção de leite que utilizam compost barn e free stall, visando auxiliar produtores e técnicos a escolher o tipo de instalação mais adequada para cada fazenda. Foram analisados dados de janeiro a dezembro de 2016 de quatro fazendas, distribuídas igualmente para o compost barn e para, o free stall. O custo de produção do leite foi estimado segundo a metodologia do custo operacional, considerando o centro de custos produção de leite, que envolveu as vacas em lactação e as secas. Adicionalmente, foram estimadas as margens bruta e líquida, como indicadores de rentabilidade. Observou-se que as médias das margens bruta e líquida não foram influenciadas pelo tipo de instalação, sendo positivas em todos os sistemas de produção analisados. Dentre os componentes do custo operacional efetivo, a representatividade do item medicamentos foi menor nas propriedades com compost barn, enquanto o custo com cama para vacas foi menor nas fazendas com free stall. Tanto a depreciação, quanto o custo operacional total, foram semelhantes. Em relação às receitas, a venda de leite teve maior percentual nas fazendas de free stall, apesar do alto desvio padrão, e as expectativas de receitas de dejetos foram semelhantes entre os sistemas de produção. Dessa forma, visto que não houve diferenças econômicas expressivas entre os tipos de instalações, entende-se que as facilidades de manejo, produtividade, desempenho reprodutivo, saúde dos animais (lesões de casco e mastite), questões ambientais, além de disponibilidade de água e material de cama devem ser os motivadores da escolha de uma em detrimento da outra