An Efficiency-Motivated Attack Against Vehicles in a Platoon: Local Vehicle Control, Platoon Control Strategies, and Drive Train Technologies Considerations

Vehicle platooning has been heavily studied the last decade. A transportation system formed by electric vehicles driven by control systems with the help of on-board sensors, wireless inter-vehicle communication, and wireless recharge capability has been shown to increase highway capacity, transportation safety, reduce travel time, save energy, and release human drivers from stress. Two layers of control are required to automate a platoon, the low-level vehicle control, and the upper-level platoon control which seeks to maintain the constant spacing of the platoon, and avoid collisions. In order to have a robust platoon, the vehicle control system needs to be robust to gain variations. Simulations were run in Matlab\u27s Simulink to compare how well a vehicle control system would behave in the presences of nonlinearities and disturbances. The integer order and fractional order controllers were designed with the same specications. Fractional order controllers present better performance with no overshoot for the speed servo, and faster response for the steering system. For platoon control, the necessity is to achieve string stability. The bi-directional and leader-follower architectures have been shown to achieve string stability. Still, what happens to all the benets of platooning when a malicious vehicle (attacker) attempts to perturb the system? This malicious attack could be the result of a company trying to sabotage the operation of another\u27s in order to make it spend more energy than required, and thus raise its transportation costs. By using Matlab, a simulation platform was designed. It was used to simulate the response of a robust platoon to an optimal attack prole, generated by Matlab\u27s genetic algorithm. To calculate the energy expenditure a model for a 1995 Honda Accord LX from cappielo\u27s analysis is used. Two scenarios are considered: 1) the attacker intends to make the whole platoon spend extra energy, and 2) the attacker focuses on affecting only one victim. The greatest amount of extra energy expenditure for the rst scenario was obtained with the bi-directional architecture and a size 3 platoon (140%). The leader-follower architecture limited this peak value to 94% for a size 8 platoon. In order to really prot from the benets of platooning, a platoon size 8 or more is recommended. In this desirable range, the bi-directional control law manages to limit the extra energy expenditure to 80% (size 8) to only 35% (size 20). For the leader-follower and a size 20 platoon, the optimal attack produced an extra 65% expenditure. For the second scenario, with the bi-directional architecture the attacker could make the victim spend up to 122% (size 10). Still, this depends on both the attacker\u27s and the victim\u27s position. For instance, with the attacker in position 2, only 8% extra energy was observed. The leader-follower architecture allowed between 80% to 110% in any position for the attacker while in front of the victim (the attacker cannot affect the victim from behind). Regenerative braking in all cases saved between 35% to 50% of the energy that would be otherwise lost by the use of dissipative brakes. In order to create an operational platoon system, that is as robust as possible to the attack, the recommended platoon size is 12 or more. The use of regenerative braking capable vehicles is a must. The control system should be the fastest possible, and make use of the bi-directional architecture to limit energy expenditure. The implementation of an attacker or defective vehicle detection system is recommend, taking the measure of making the attacker=defective vehicle reposition to the last in the platoon

Conservation law for distributed entanglement of formation and quantum discord

We present a direct relation, based upon a monogamic principle, between entanglement of formation (EOF) and quantum discord (QD), showing how they are distributed in an arbitrary tripartite pure system. By extending it to a paradigmatic situation of a bipartite system coupled to an environment, we demonstrate that the EOF and the QD obey a conservation relation. By means of this relation we show that in the deterministic quantum computer with one pure qubit the protocol has the ability to rearrange the EOF and the QD, which implies that quantum computation can be understood on a different basis as a coherent dynamics where quantum correlations are distributed between the qubits of the computer. Furthermore, for a tripartite mixed state we show that the balance between distributed EOF and QD results in a stronger version of the strong subadditivity of entropy.Comment: Published versio

Strong superadditivity and monogamy of the Renyi measure of entanglement

Employing the quantum R\'enyi $\alpha$-entropies as a measure of entanglement, we numerically find the violation of the strong superadditivity inequality for a system composed of four qubits and $\alpha>1$. This violation gets smaller as $\alpha\rightarrow 1$ and vanishes for $\alpha=1$ when the measure corresponds to the Entanglement of Formation (EoF). We show that the R\'enyi measure aways satisfies the standard monogamy of entanglement for $\alpha = 2$, and only violates a high order monogamy inequality, in the rare cases in which the strong superadditivity is also violated. The sates numerically found where the violation occurs have special symmetries where both inequalities are equivalent. We also show that every measure satisfing monogamy for high dimensional systems also satisfies the strong superadditivity inequality. For the case of R\'enyi measure, we provide strong numerical evidences that these two properties are equivalent.Comment: replaced with final published versio

The Future Can Be Better: Young People And The Marawi Siege

Young people are deeply implicated in the Marawi siege. Many commentaries and studies view them in either of two ways. On the one hand, they are the sector characterized as most vulnerable to radicalization. Researchers focus on the factors that lead them to violent extremism (Casey and Pottebaum 2018). But on the other hand, they are also characterized as passive victims needing relief and protection (Haynes and Tanner 2015). While these depictions may be legitimate in their own ways, they contradict each other. They are either perpetrators of violence or its victims. But they also share important similarities. These depictions derive from deep concerns about the wellbeing of young people in conflict situations. This sentiment is valid because they ought to be enjoying their youth and discovering their talents and abilities at school. And yet both depictions also share a problematic assumption. That they are either prone to violence or victims of conflict frames young people as a social problem at the same time, taking them as a social problem evidently carries a moral undertone: While some may be driven by a sense of righteous indignation, some others may be carried away by their ignorance (Hughes 2016). These frames, taken together, are blind to the youths’ potential contributions as effective agents of change, especially in post-conflict reconstruction. Research shows that although it may force young people to take on adult roles for which they are unprepared, conflict does not necessarily cripple their abilities to see into the future (Schwartz 2010). They do have stories and aspirations to share, some of which remain rooted in idealism and hope that tomorrow will be better. This is the basis of our ongoing study that documents the narratives of young people before, during, and after the Marawi siege. Our project, funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), involves interviewing Muslim, Christian, and Lumad youths. We are also working with Reemar Alonsagay, a recent graduate of MSU – Marawi. We wish to spell out the importance of our research and some of our findings in this Perspectives piece

Support of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) and Performance of Cooperatives in the Bicol Region, Philippines

The study determined the support of State Universities and Colleges and assessed the performance of the cooperatives in the Bicol Region. The descriptive-qualitative and correlational methods were used in determining the profile of the SUC-based cooperatives and the support services of SUCs extended to the cooperatives in line with rights and privileges, education, trainings and seminars, curriculum, business opportunities, research and extension, and linkages and networking, and the performance of the cooperatives based on the OSE-PISO indicators. Documentary analysis was employed to analyze the profile of the cooperatives. Questionnaires were used to gather data on SUC support for cooperatives. Interviews and observations were likewise done to validate the data gathered. Based from the findings, the following conclusions were derived. First, the SUC-based cooperatives are registered and evaluated annually by the Cooperative Development Authority. They are classified as credit and multi-purpose and categorized as micro, small, and medium. Dividend and patronage refund were given to the members as benefits and incentives. Second, the most common support that SUCs extended to cooperatives was in line with rights and privileges, while the least support was on business opportunities, linkages and networking. Third, the PSU Credit Cooperative was rated very satisfactory performance. Fourth, the profile of the cooperatives was not significantly related to their performance. Lastly, the support of SUCs in line with business opportunities, and linkages and networking negatively affected the financial performance of the cooperatives, which means that SUCs lack support along these areas, while most of the support given was in line with rights and privileges, which are non-monetary in nature

Practices of place-making through locative media artworks

Peer-reviewedIn recent years, the vast increase in information flows has made it possible to instantly connect location-dependent information with physical spaces. These technologies have provided new forms of the representation of space as much as new forms of perception through tools and techniques used in land surveying, remote sensing, etc. From a critical point of view, pervasive computing, location-based applications, or, in other words, "locative media" provide an interesting framework to understand how these technologies relate to our understanding of space and place. Concretely, we want to examine how the uses of locative media in social-oriented artworks interact with people's sense of place. This article therefore discusses contemporary theories on space related to media and technology with a specific focus on the conceptualization of the notion of place. It also relates these theories to the study of different locative media artworks: Canal Accessible (2006), Bio Mapping (2004), Disappearing Places (2007), and Coffee Deposits (2010). We contend that locative media artworks act upon distinctive ways to understand the mediation of technology in current placemaking practices.En los últimos años, el aumento de los flujos de información ha hecho posible conectar instantáneamente la información dependiente de ubicación con los espacios físicos. Estas tecnologías han facilitado tanto nuevas formas de representación del espacio como nuevas formas de percepción a través de herramientas y técnicas usadas en topografía, teledetección, etc. Desde un punto de vista crítico, la computación ubicua, las aplicaciones de localización, o en otras palabras, los "medios locativos" proporcionan un marco interesante para entender cómo estas tecnologías se relacionan con nuestra comprensión del espacio y el lugar. Concretamente, queremos examinar cómo los usos de los medios locativos en la vida social orientados a obras de arte interactuan con el sentimiento de lugar. En este artículo se analizan tanto las teorías contemporáneas sobre el espacio en relación con los medios de comunicación y la tecnología con un enfoque específico en la conceptualización de la noción de lugar. Estas teorías se refieren también al estudio de diferentes obras de arte de medios locativos: Canal Accesible (2006), Bio Mapping (2004), Lugares Disappearing (2007), y los restos de café (2010). Sostenemos que las obras de arte de medios locativos actuan de maneras distintas para entender la mediación de la tecnología en las prácticas de Placemaking actuales.En els últims anys, l'augment dels fluxos d'informació ha fet possible connectar instantàniament la informació dependent d'ubicació amb els espais físics. Aquestes tecnologies han facilitat tant noves formes de representació de l'espai com noves formes de percepció a través d'eines i tècniques utilitzades en topografia, teledetecció, etc. Des d'un punt de vista crític, la computació ubiqua, les aplicacions de localització o, en altres paraules, els "mitjans locatius" proporcionen un marc interessant per entendre com aquestes tecnologies es relacionen amb la nostra comprensió de l'espai i el lloc. Concretament, volem examinar com els usos dels mitjans locatius en la vida social orientats a obres d'art interactuen amb el sentiment de lloc. En aquest article s'analitzen tant les teories contemporànies sobre l'espai en relació amb els mitjans de comunicació i la tecnologia amb un enfocament específic en la conceptualització de la noció de lloc. Aquestes teories es refereixen també a l'estudi de diferents obres d'art de mitjans locatius: Canal Accessible (2006), Bio Mapping (2004), Llocs Disappearing (2007), i les restes de cafè (2010). Sostenim que les obres d'art de mitjans locatius actuen de maneres diferents per entendre la mediació de la tecnologia en les pràctiques de Placemaking actuals

Environment-induced anisotropy and sensitivity of the radical pair mechanism in the avian compass

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOSeveral experiments over the years have shown that the earth's magnetic field is essential for orientation in birds' migration. The most promising explanation for this orientation is the photo-stimulated radical pair (RP) mechanism. In order to define a reference frame for the orientation task radicals must have an intrinsic anisotropy. We show that this kind of anisotropy and consequently the entanglement in the model are not necessary for the proper functioning of the compass. Classically correlated initial conditions for the RP, subjected to a fast decoherence process, are able to provide the anisotropy required. Even a dephasing environment can provide the necessary frame for the compass to work and also implies fast decay of any quantum correlation in the system without damaging the orientation ability. This fact significantly expands the range of applicability of the RP mechanism providing more elements for experimental search.Several experiments over the years have shown that the earth's magnetic field is essential for orientation in birds' migration. The most promising explanation for this orientation is the photo-stimulated radical pair (RP) mechanism. In order to define a reference frame for the orientation task radicals must have an intrinsic anisotropy. We show that this kind of anisotropy and consequently the entanglement in the model are not necessary for the proper functioning of the compass. Classically correlated initial conditions for the RP, subjected to a fast decoherence process, are able to provide the anisotropy required. Even a dephasing environment can provide the necessary frame for the compass to work and also implies fast decay of any quantum correlation in the system without damaging the orientation ability. This fact significantly expands the range of applicability of the RP mechanism providing more elements for experimental search.92116FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOSem informaçãoSem informaçãoWe thank M. Plenio and P. Hore for important comments and helpful discussion on our model. This work is supported by the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq and FAPESP through the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia–Informação Quântica (INCT-IQ). M.C.O. wishes to thank the hospitality of the Institute for Quantum Information Science at the University of Calgary, where part of this work was developed