Accountability in the East Asian economic miracle, crisis and recovery

Despite claims that accountability enables 'good governance' proper, its specific origins, character and limitations are not yet fully clear. In order to explicate the nature of accountability better this paper will, therefore, formulate and apply its own comparative framework to the case of the East Asian economic miracle, crisis and recovery in particular. In so doing it finds that, even when accountability emerged as a mid-crisis issue that was dramatically reconfigured for any due recovery later, it was not itself then sufficiently explicated for all the implications and consequences to be realized fully. Once it is explicated more fully, however, the further implications and consequences of changing accountability for economic governance question precisely what is to be expected from accountability per se

Impact of Chlamydia trachomatis in the reproductive setting: British Fertility Society Guidelines for practice

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the genital tract is the most common sexually transmitted infection and has a world-wide distribution. The consequences of infection have an adverse effect on the reproductive health of women and are a common cause of infertility. Recent evidence also suggests an adverse effect on male reproduction. There is a need to standardise the approach in managing the impact of C. trachomatis infection on reproductive health. We have surveyed current UK practice towards screening and management of Chlamydia infections in the fertility setting. We found that at least 90% of clinicians surveyed offered screening. The literature on this topic was examined and revealed a paucity of solid evidence for estimating the risks of long-term reproductive sequelae following lower genital tract infection with C. trachomatis. The mechanism for the damage that occurs after Chlamydial infections is uncertain. However, instrumentation of the uterus in women with C. trachomatis infection is associated with a high risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, which can be prevented by appropriate antibiotic treatment and may prevent infected women from being at increased risk of the adverse sequelae, such as ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility. Recommendations for practice have been proposed and the need for further studies is identified

SR-Snort: IPv6 Segment Routing Aware IDS/IPS

Service Function Chaining (SFC) allows the delivery of advanced end-to-end services composed of one or more network functions. IPv6 Segment Routing (SRv6) is a network architecture based on source routing, where a list of segments isattached to packets to enforce different path from the shortest one. SRv6 supports SFC by assigning each network function a segment and combining these segments into a segment list.In order to fully leverage the SRv6 network programming capabilities, network functions are required to be SR-aware. In this paper, we present our implementation of SR-Snort, a SR-aware intrusion detection system (IDS) and intrusion prevention system (IPS). We extended the open-source implementation of Snort, so it can apply the configured rules to the inner packet of SR traffic. SR-Snort can handle both inner IPv4 and inner IPv6traffic. It can work in either IDS or IPS mode

Implementation of virtual network function chaining through segment routing in a linux-based NFV infrastructure

This paper presents an architecture to support Vir-tual Network Functions (VNFs) chaining using the IPv6 Segment Routing (SR) network programming model. Two classes of VNFs are considered: SR-aware and SR-unaware. The operations to support both SR-aware and SR-unaware VNFs are described at an architectural level and we propose a solution for SR-unaware VNFs hosted in a NFV node. An Open Source implementation of the proposed solution for a Linux based NFV host is available and a set of performance measurements have been carried out in a testbed

Segment Routing: a Comprehensive Survey of Research Activities, Standardization Efforts and Implementation Results

Fixed and mobile telecom operators, enterprise network operators and cloud providers strive to face the challenging demands coming from the evolution of IP networks (e.g. huge bandwidth requirements, integration of billions of devices and millions of services in the cloud). Proposed in the early 2010s, Segment Routing (SR) architecture helps face these challenging demands, and it is currently being adopted and deployed. SR architecture is based on the concept of source routing and has interesting scalability properties, as it dramatically reduces the amount of state information to be configured in the core nodes to support complex services. SR architecture was first implemented with the MPLS dataplane and then, quite recently, with the IPv6 dataplane (SRv6). IPv6 SR architecture (SRv6) has been extended from the simple steering of packets across nodes to a general network programming approach, making it very suitable for use cases such as Service Function Chaining and Network Function Virtualization. In this paper we present a tutorial and a comprehensive survey on SR technology, analyzing standardization efforts, patents, research activities and implementation results. We start with an introduction on the motivations for Segment Routing and an overview of its evolution and standardization. Then, we provide a tutorial on Segment Routing technology, with a focus on the novel SRv6 solution. We discuss the standardization efforts and the patents providing details on the most important documents and mentioning other ongoing activities. We then thoroughly analyze research activities according to a taxonomy. We have identified main categories during our analysis of the current state of play: Monitoring, Traffic Engineering, Failure Recovery, Centrally Controlled Architectures, Path Encoding, Network Programming, Performance Evaluation and Miscellaneous. We report the current status of SR deployments in production networks and of SR implementations (including several open source projects). Finally, we report our experience from this survey work and we identify a set of future research directions related to Segment Routing