Fat herniation through the canal of Schwalbe

The authors report a case of fat herniation through the canal of Schwalbe noted in a female cadaver during abdominopelvic dissection. Perineal hernias are rare hernias, and herniations through the hiatus of Schwalbe represent a rare posterior lateral perineal hernia. While these hernias are extremely rare, anatomists and surgeons should be aware of them, and the clinical significance and manifestations which may occur with these hernias

Anatomy of the pancreas

Detailed knowledge of pancreatic ductal anatomy is indispensable in order to optimize the therapeutic approach in pancreatic diseases. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a precious tool that can help in characterizing aspects of the pancreatic disease as well as determining the anatomy of the ducts and thus to plan treatment. This chapter focuses on the structural anatomy of the pancreas and its ducts, including the most frequent anatomic variations.SCOPUS: ch.binfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Evaluation of the central sleep apnea in asymptomatic children with Chiari 1 malformation: an open question

INTRODUCTION: Type I is the most common Chiari malformation in children. In this condition, the lower part of the cerebellum, but not the brain stem, extends into the foramen magnum at the base of the skull leading to intermittent brain hypertension. In symptomatic children, central sleep apneas are shown in polysomnography evaluation. A central apnea index of 1/h or more is considered abnormal, but >5/h is clearly considered pathological. Therefore, central sleep apnea evaluation in pediatric age may show great age-related variability. METHOD AND SUBJECTS: We present three patients who were assessed by polysomnography with two different scores for central sleep apneas published in the literature: the method by Scholle (2011) and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine scoring system (2012). CONCLUSIONS: We speculated that the Scholle scoring system can be more helpful in assessing children with asymptomatic Chiari 1 malformation for a closer follow-up. More studies are needed