Susceptibility and Interactions of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Damaging Strawberry.

Resumo: Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) foi recentemente detectado causando danos aos morangos no Brasil. A infestação na cultura de morango frequentemente foi observada conjuntamente com a presença de Zaprionus indianus Gupta. Este estudo investigou a suscetibilidade de morangos em três estágios de amadurecimento para infestação de D. suzukii e Z. indianus e sua interação. Abstracts: Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) has been recently detected causing damage to strawberries in Brazil. Infestation in strawberry culture has often been observed jointly with the presence of Zaprionus indianus Gupta. This study investigated the susceptibility of strawberries at three ripening stages to infestation of D. suzukii and Z. indianus and their interaction. In the laboratory, strawberries cv. Albion at different ripening stages (green, semi-ripe and ripe) were exposed to D. suzukii and Z. indianus for 24 h in choice and no-choice bioassays. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of mechanical damage incurred artificially or by D. suzukii ovi-position on Z. indianus infestation. In no-choice bioassay, there were no significant differences in fruit susceptibility to D. suzukii infestation at different ripening stages. However, in choice bioassay, D. suzukii adults preferred to oviposit on R fruit. The presence of mechanical damage did not increase susceptibility of fruit to D. suzukii oviposition. For Z. indianus , there was greater susceptibility of R fruit in relation to SR and G fruit in both the choice and no-choice bioassays. There was a significant and positive interaction of mechanical damage and damage caused by D. suzukii to R fruit and infestation by Z. indianus , which was not observed in SR and G fruit. Although infestation of Z. indianus is related to attack damaged or decaying fruit, this work shows that this species has the ability to oviposit and develop in healthy strawberry fruit with and increased infestation level when the fruit has damage to its epidermis

Susceptibility and Interactions of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Damaging Strawberry.

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) has been recently detected causing damage to strawberries in Brazil. Infestation in strawberry culture has often been observed jointly with the presence of Zaprionus indianus Gupta. This study investigated the susceptibility of strawberries at three ripening stages to infestation of D. suzukii and Z. indianus and their interaction. In the laboratory, strawberries cv. Albion at different ripening stages (green, semi-ripe and ripe) were exposed to D. suzukii and Z. indianus for 24 h in choice and no-choice bioassays. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of mechanical damage incurred artificially or by D. suzukii ovi-position on Z. indianus infestation. In no-choice bioassay, there were no significant differences in fruit susceptibility to D. suzukii infestation at different ripening stages. However, in choice bioassay, D. suzukii adults preferred to oviposit on R fruit. The presence of mechanical damage did not increase susceptibility of fruit to D. suzukii oviposition. For Z. indianus , there was greater susceptibility of R fruit in relation to SR and G fruit in both the choice and no-choice bioassays. There was a significant and positive interaction of mechanical damage and damage caused by D. suzukii to R fruit and infestation by Z. indianus , which was not observed in SR and G fruit. Although infestation of Z. indianus is related to attack damaged or decaying fruit, this work shows that this species has the ability to oviposit and develop in healthy strawberry fruit with and increased infestation level when the fruit has damage to its epidermis. Keywords Abstract Spotted wing drosophila, African fig fly, fruit preference, oviposition, ripening stageDisponível em:<https://correio.embrapa.br/service/home/~/Bernardi%20et%20al.%2C%202016%20Suzukii.pdf?auth=co&loc=pt_BR&id=77497&part=2

Redox Modulations, Antioxidants, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Although antioxidants, redox modulations, and neuropsychiatric disorders have been widely studied for many years, the field would benefit from an integrative and corroborative review. Our primary objective is to delineate the biological significance of compounds that modulate our redox status (i.e., reactive species and antioxidants) as well as outline their current role in brain health and the impact of redox modulations on the severity of illnesses. Therefore, this review will not enter into the debate regarding the perceived medical legitimacy of antioxidants but rather seek to clarify their abilities and limitations. With this in mind, antioxidants may be interpreted as natural products with significant pharmacological actions in the body. A renewed understanding of these often overlooked compounds will allow us to critically appraise the current literature and provide an informed, novel perspective on an important healthcare issue. In this review, we will introduce the complex topics of redox modulations and their role in the development of select neuropsychiatric disorders

Susceptibility, Oviposition Preference, and Biology of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Prunus Spp. Rootstock Genotypes.

Studying the susceptibility of peach trees to Grapholita molesta (Busck) is one of the major steps in the develop- ment of pest-resistant peach varieties. This work evaluated the susceptibility of 55 genotypes of the "Prunus Rootstock Collection" ("Coleção Porta-enxerto de Prunus ") of Embrapa Temperate Climate (Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) to the natural infestation of G. molesta , assessed the oviposition preference of G. molesta in choice and no-choice bioassays, and estimated the biological parameters and the fertility life table on different Prunus spp. genotypes in the laboratory. Genotypes Prunus kansuensis (Rehder), I-67-52-9, and I-67-52-4 were the most susceptible to G. molesta infestation in the field ( > 60% of branches infested), while 0 Sharpe 0 ( Prunus angustifolia x Prunus spp.) and Prunus sellowii (Koehne) were the least infested (0% of branches infested). In choice and no-choice bioassays, G. molesta preferred to oviposit on P. kansuensis when compared with Sharpe. The Sharpe genotype also showed an antibiosis effect, resulting in negative effects on the fertility life table parameters when compared with the genotypes P. kansuensis and 0 Capdeboscq. 0 The results found in the present study can provide information to initiate a long-term breeding program moving desired G. molesta resistance traits from the rootstock into the Prunus spp. cultivars. Keywords : Rosaceae, insect resistance, antibiosis, antixenosis, oriental fruit mot

Nurses and the Manchester: rearranging the work process and emergency care?

Objective: to understand the changing roles of nurses in labor division organization in hospitals from the Manchester Triage System implementation in an emergency hospital. Methods: this is an ethnographic study that used different production techniques and data analysis. Results: the Manchester Triage System organized flows and places resulting in quality of care and changes in work processes. Conflict relationships related to disagreements in risk stratification were present. Final considerations: the traditional roles of nurses have been transformed, but it cannot be said that there was a structural change in their position in labor division organization in hospitals. The frontiers of autonomy, therefore of increasing the professionalization of nurses, are neither fixed nor stable, expanding or contracting according to the micropolitical changes in the governance of care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efficacy of silica nanoparticles on groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)

In Senegal, post-harvest losses caused by groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus, are detrimental to farmers and affect national economy. The objectivie of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of silica nanoparticles against C. serratus. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by reverse microemulsion and different concentrations (0.17, 0.33, 0.67 and 1.7 mg kg-1) were tested on mortality and fecundity of C. serratus. Result showed that silica nanoparticles had high toxicity on C. serratus adults. Adults\u2019 mortality increased with concentrations and time of exposure to each concentration. Up to 100% mortality was observed with high concentrations (0.67 and 1.7 mg kg-1) after 6 and 7 days post exposure, respectively. Additionally, fecundity potential of C. serratus was significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced by silica nanoparticles. Results of this study clearly demonstrated that silica nanoparticles can be used as a valuable tool for the control of C. serratus in stored groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) .Au S\ue9n\ue9gal, les pertes post-r\ue9colte caus\ue9es par la bruche de l\u2019arachide, Caryedon serratus , sont pr\ue9judiciables aux agriculteurs et affectent l\u2019\ue9conomie nationale. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9tudier l\u2019efficacit\ue9 des nanoparticules de silice contre C. serratus. Des nanoparticules de silice ont \ue9t\ue9 synth\ue9tis\ue9es par micro\ue9mulsion inverse et diff\ue9rentes concentrations (0,17\ua0; 0,33\ua0; 0,67 et 1,7 mg kg-1) ont \ue9t\ue9 test\ue9es sur la mortalit\ue9 et la f\ue9condit\ue9 de C. serratus. Les r\ue9sultats ont montr\ue9 que les nanoparticules de silice pr\ue9sentaient une toxicit\ue9 \ue9lev\ue9e chez les adultes de C. serratus. La mortalit\ue9 des adultes augmentait avec les concentrations et le temps d\u2019exposition \ue0 chaque concentration. Une mortalit\ue9 allant jusqu\u2019 \ue0 100% a \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9e avec les plus grandes concentrations (0,67 et 1,7 mg kg-1) respectivement apr\ue8s 6 et 7 jours d\u2019exposition. De plus, le potentiel de f\ue9condit\ue9 de C. serratus \ue9tait significativement (P &lt;0,05) r\ue9duit par les nanoparticules de silice. Les r\ue9sultats de cette \ue9tude ont clairement d\ue9montr\ue9 que les nanoparticules de silice peuvent \ueatre utilis\ue9es comme un outil pr\ue9cieux pour lutter contre C. serratus dans les arachides stock\ue9es ( Arachis hypogaea L.)

Bioecologia, monitoramento e controle de Drosophila suzukii na cultura do morangueiro.

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Bioecologia, monitoramento e controle de Drosophila suzukii na cultura do morangueiro.

O Brasil ocupa a terceira posição no ranking mundial de produção de frutas. A produção é diversificada devido às condições climáticas do País, que permitem produzir frutas tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas. A maior parte da produção tem como destino o mercado interno e apenas 2,5% destinam-se à exportação. Com a globalização da economia e as dificuldades de monitoramento das fronteiras brasileiras, a produção agrícola está vulnerável a diversos problemas fitossanitários. A fruticultura tem sido um dos setores mais afetados pelo registro de novas pragas, que aumentam os custos de produção e comprometem a qualidade das frutas devido às injurias causadas, e pelo maior risco da presença de resíduos de inseticidas utilizados para o seu controle, além de dificultar as exportações devido às barreiras quarentenárias. Dentre essas pragas, as moscas-das-frutas têm sido uma ameaça constante. Historicamente, a primeira espécie registrada no País foi a mosca do mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata, em 1901. Quase 100 anos depois, em 1996, foi registrada a ocorrência da mosca da carambola, Bactrocera carambolae, no Estado do Amapá, e em 1999 foi detectado Zaprionus indianus, em São Paulo. Diferentemente das duas primeiras espécies, que são tefritídeos, Z. indianus é um drosofilídeo, mas causa os mesmos danos nos frutos. Em 2013, no Rio Grande do Sul, foi confirmada a presença da drosófila da asa manchada Drosophila suzukii, considerada uma das principais pragas das chamadas ?pequenas frutas?, que incluem morango, mirtilo, amora-preta, framboesa e cereja, mas a drosófila da asa manchada também ataca outras frutíferas, como videira, nectarineira, pessegueiro, entre outros. No Brasil, já foram constatadas perdas em morango e teme-se que o inseto possa se adaptar às nossas condições e causar perdas econômicas significativas em outros cultivos. Dada a tradição da Embrapa Clima Temperado e da Embrapa Uva e Vinho em pesquisas sobre morangueiro, este documento tem o objetivo de disponibilizar informações sobre a identificação, a bioecologia e as estratégias para o monitoramento e controle da drosófila da asa manchada, baseadas nos trabalhos realizados em outros países e nas pesquisas conduzidas pelos autores do texto.bitstream/item/145217/1/Documento-398-capa.pd